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Human research (updated September 2026): The “Human Trials” and “Human Case Reports” sections list human studies published on PubMed, with an emphasis on hydrogen inhalation. A few well-designed hydrogen-water trials are also included. Each entry links to PubMed and shows the study design, number of participants (n), how the hydrogen was given, and a plain-English note on what was measured. Neutral and negative results are included. Hydrogen concentrations in these studies range from about 1% hydrogen in air to hydrogen-oxygen gas with about 67% hydrogen, so the results of one study do not automatically apply to other methods or devices.

Disclaimer: This page is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. The short notes under each study describe what the researchers measured and reported. They are not claims about any product or any medical condition. Many of these studies are small or early-stage, and results are mixed. Please talk with your healthcare provider about your own health.

Human Trials: Inhalation Safety

Studies that mainly measured safety, tolerability and how the body responds to breathing hydrogen.

Cole, A.R., et al., Safety of Prolonged Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas in Air in Healthy Adults. Crit Care Explor, 2021. 3(10): p. e543.
Human study | Prospective single-arm safety study | n = 8 | Healthy adults aged 18-30 | Delivery: 2.4% H2 in medical air via high-flow nasal cannula (15 L/min) for 24, 48 or 72 hours | PMID 34651133
Researchers tracked vital signs, symptoms, lung function, ECG, cognitive and neurological exams, and blood tests. No clinically significant adverse events or changes were reported. The sample was very small and only included young adults.

Grepl, P., et al., Sixty-minute inhalation of molecular hydrogen decreases blood oxygen saturation but does not alter autonomic cardiac regulation at rest in healthy females: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2026. 104: p. 1-9.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover | n = 20 | Healthy, physically active young women | Delivery: 60 minutes of H2 inhalation at rest vs ambient air (nasal cannula; the companion paper, PMID 39923133, reports 300 mL/min) | PMID 41401441
Blood oxygen saturation was slightly lower during hydrogen inhalation (95.9% vs 96.7% with placebo). The authors did not consider this difference clinically significant. Heart rate variability did not change.

Salomez-Ihl, C., et al., H2 inhalation therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19 (H2COVID): a prospective ascending-dose phase I clinical trial. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2024. 68(8): p. e0057324.
Human study | Phase I open-label, single ascending-duration trial | n = 12 | Hospitalized adults with moderate COVID-19 | Delivery: Mixture of 3.6% H2 and 96.4% N2 given with nasal oxygen, for 1, 3 or 6 days | PMID 39016593
This trial was designed to test safety and tolerability. The authors reported that inhalation was well tolerated and that the maximum tolerated duration was at least 3 days. It was a small study with no control group.

Chen, J.B., et al., High-flow hydrogen inhalation might suppresses the immune function of middle-aged participants: a self-controlled study. Med Gas Res, 2021. 11(1): p. 12-17.
Human study | Self-controlled (before/after) study | n = 20 | Healthy adults aged 31-60 | Delivery: 66.7% H2 / 33.3% O2 at 3 L/min via nasal tube, 2 or 4 hours a day for 2 weeks (per PMC full text) | PMID 33642332
After 2 weeks of high-flow inhalation, several blood lymphocyte subsets (including some T-cell and NK-cell groups) were proportionally lower than at baseline. The authors say this could mean immune function was suppressed. The study had no placebo group, so more research on long, high-flow use is needed.

Human Trials: Exercise & Recovery

Controlled studies in healthy adults and athletes. Results vary between studies, and some found no effect.

Javorac, D., et al., Short-term H2 inhalation improves running performance and torso strength in healthy adults. Biol Sport, 2019. 36(4): p. 333-339.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot | n = 20 | Healthy young men and women | Delivery: 4% H2 vs room air, 20 minutes once a day for 7 days | PMID 31938004
Peak running velocity was up to 4.2% higher after hydrogen than after air (P = 0.05). Serum IGF-1 changed in opposite directions between the two conditions. This was a pilot study, and the authors call for more research.

Shibayama, Y., et al., Impact of hydrogen-rich gas mixture inhalation through nasal cannula during post-exercise recovery period on subsequent oxidative stress, muscle damage, and exercise performances in men. Med Gas Res, 2020. 10(4): p. 155-162.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind crossover | n = 8 | Physically active men | Delivery: Hydrogen-rich gas (estimated up to ~4% inspired H2) vs placebo air for 60 minutes of recovery after strenuous exercise | PMID 33380581
Compared with placebo, the rise in urinary 8-OHdG (a DNA-oxidation marker) was smaller, and so was the drop in countermovement jump height. Other performance, blood oxidative-stress and muscle-damage markers did not differ. The sample was very small.

Hori, A., et al., Inhalation of molecular hydrogen increases breath acetone excretion during submaximal exercise: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Med Gas Res, 2020. 10(3): p. 96-102.
Human study | Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover | n = 10 (exercise) + 6 (rest) | Healthy men | Delivery: 1% H2 vs control gas during 20 minutes of moderate cycling (and during 45 minutes of sitting) | PMID 33004705
During exercise, breath acetone (used as a marker of fat metabolism) and oxygen uptake were higher with hydrogen. Neither changed at rest, and oxidative-stress markers did not change.

Dong, G., et al., Inhalation of Hydrogen-rich Gas before Acute Exercise Alleviates Exercise Fatigue: A Randomized Crossover Study. Int J Sports Med, 2024. 45(13): p. 1014-1022.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced crossover | n = 24 | Healthy adult men | Delivery: 60 minutes of hydrogen-rich gas vs placebo air before cycling to exhaustion (concentration not stated in abstract) | PMID 38698624
Compared with placebo, perceived fatigue and exertion scores, late-stage cycling cadence, a hydroxyl-radical marker and post-exercise lactate were better. Jump height and glutathione peroxidase activity did not differ.

Dong, G., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Gas Enhanced Sprint-Interval Performance: Metabolomic Insights into Underlying Mechanisms. Nutrients, 2024. 16(14).
Human study | Randomized, placebo-controlled crossover | n = 10 | Healthy adult men | Delivery: 60 minutes of hydrogen-rich gas (H2:O2 2:1 generator via nasal cannula; estimated up to ~4% inspired H2, per PMC full text) vs air before a sprint-interval test | PMID 39064785
Mean power and fatigue index on the fourth sprint were better after hydrogen than after air. Blood metabolomics showed changes that the authors link to fat metabolism. The sample was small.

Zhao, Y., et al., Hydrogen gas inhalation prior to high-intensity training reduces attenuation of nitric oxide bioavailability in male rugby players. PeerJ, 2024. 12: p. e18503.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover (3 weeks) | n = 24 | Professional male rugby players | Delivery: Hydrogen-rich gas (66.7% H2 / 33.3% O2 source gas, per PMC full text) vs placebo air before daily high-intensity training for 1 week | PMID 39703911
After a week of hard training, plasma nitric oxide and its precursors were higher in the hydrogen week than in the placebo week. 8-OHdG and IL-6 were lower, and total antioxidant levels were higher. Only men were studied.

Mikami, T., et al., Drinking hydrogen water enhances endurance and relieves psychometric fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2019. 97(9): p. 857-862.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (2 experiments) | n = 99 + 60 | Untrained and trained healthy adults | Delivery: Hydrogen-infused water vs placebo water, drunk 10-30 minutes before cycling | PMID 31251888
Untrained participants reported less fatigue on visual scales after mild exercise. In trained participants, maximal oxygen uptake and Borg exertion scores were better with hydrogen water. A later published discussion raised questions about the study.

Botek, M., et al., Hydrogen Rich Water Improved Ventilatory, Perceptual and Lactate Responses to Exercise. Int J Sports Med, 2019. 40(14): p. 879-885.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover | n = 12 | Healthy men | Delivery: 600 mL hydrogen-rich water within 30 minutes before incremental cycling | PMID 31574544
At higher exercise intensities, blood lactate was lower with hydrogen-rich water, and perceived exertion and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen were also lower.

Botek, M., et al., Molecular Hydrogen Mitigates Performance Decrement during Repeated Sprints in Professional Soccer Players. Nutrients, 2022. 14(3).
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover | n = 16 | Professional male soccer players | Delivery: Hydrogen-rich water before a repeated-sprint test (15 x 30 m) | PMID 35276867
Sprint times in the last sprints were 1.9-3.4% faster after hydrogen-rich water. Lactate and perceived exertion did not differ from placebo.

Valenta, M., et al., Acute pre-exercise hydrogen rich water intake does not improve running performance at maximal aerobic speed in trained track and field runners: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. PLoS One, 2022. 17(12): p. e0279307.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover | n = 24 | Trained male track-and-field runners | Delivery: 1,260 mL hydrogen-rich water in four doses over 2 hours before running | PMID 36538554
No significant effect on time to exhaustion at maximal aerobic speed, post-exercise lactate, heart rate or oxygen uptake. This is a null result, listed for balance.

Human Trials: Sleep, Mood & Brain

Small studies that measured sleep, mood and brain or nervous-system responses.

Gao, Y.H., et al., Effect of hydrogen-oxygen inhalation on sleep disorders and abnormal mood: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Med Gas Res, 2026. 16(2): p. 98-102.
Human study | Single-blind randomized controlled trial | n = 66 | Adults with sleep disturbance | Delivery: 66.6% H2 / 33.3% O2 electrolysis gas at 60 mL/min by nasal tube, 1 hour twice a day for 7 days, finishing 2 hours before bed (per PMC full text); control group inhaled air | PMID 40826930
Actigraphy showed longer total sleep time, higher sleep efficiency and less wake time in the hydrogen-oxygen group. PSQI sleep scores and depression-scale scores were lower than in controls, but anxiety-scale scores did not differ. The study was short, small and single-blind.

Moriya, M., et al., Hydrogen inhalation is associated with a transient rightward shift in prefrontal oxyhemoglobin asymmetry and autonomic modulation. Sci Rep, 2026. 16(1): p. 6202.
Human study | Single-session exploratory study (no sham control) | n = 15 | Healthy adults (mean age ~53) | Delivery: 99.9% H2 via nasal cannula at 300 mL/min for 30 minutes | PMID 41582106
NIRS showed a transient shift toward the right in prefrontal oxyhemoglobin. The heart-rate-variability LF/HF ratio rose during inhalation, and heart rate fell afterward. The authors note the study was small, had no sham control, and needs placebo-controlled follow-up.

Aker, M.N., et al., The effect of hydrogen-rich water consumption on premenstrual symptoms and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health, 2024. 24(1): p. 197.
Human study | Randomized controlled trial | n = 65 | Women with premenstrual symptoms | Delivery: 1.5-2 L/day hydrogen-rich water vs water, from cycle day 16 to day 2, for three cycles | PMID 38532373
Premenstrual symptom scale scores were lower in the hydrogen-water group. Quality-of-life scores were higher at the first follow-up, but the group-by-time effect on quality of life was not significant.

Human Trials: Metabolic Markers

Studies that measured metabolism, blood lipids, glucose, blood pressure or blood-vessel function.

Grepl, P., et al., Molecular hydrogen inhalation modulates resting metabolism in healthy females: findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Med Gas Res, 2025. 15(3): p. 367-373.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover | n = 20 | Healthy, physically active young women | Delivery: Molecular hydrogen vs ambient air via nasal cannula (300 mL/min) for 60 minutes at rest | PMID 39923133
Respiratory exchange ratio and ventilation were lower during hydrogen inhalation, which the authors read as more fat being used for energy at rest. The change was larger in participants with more body fat.

Liu, B., et al., The effect of a low dose hydrogen-oxygen mixture inhalation in midlife/older adults with hypertension: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Front Pharmacol, 2022. 13: p. 1025487.
Human study | Randomized, placebo-controlled trial | n = 60 (56 completed) | Adults aged 50-70 with high blood pressure | Delivery: 66% H2 / 33% O2 mixture vs placebo air, 4 hours a day for 2 weeks | PMID 36278221
In the hydrogen-oxygen group, arm systolic blood pressure was about 5 mmHg lower than at baseline, night-time diastolic pressure fell slightly, and some blood-pressure-related hormones were lower. The placebo group did not change. Most comparisons were made against baseline, and the study was short.

LeBaron, T.W., et al., The Effects of 24-Week, High-Concentration Hydrogen-Rich Water on Body Composition, Blood Lipid Profiles and Inflammation Biomarkers in Men and Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 2020. 13: p. 889-896.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (24 weeks) | n = 60 | Men and women with metabolic syndrome | Delivery: High-concentration hydrogen-rich water (>5.5 mmol H2 per day) vs placebo | PMID 32273740
Compared with placebo, blood cholesterol, glucose, HbA1c, and inflammation and redox markers were lower. BMI and waist-to-hip ratio showed a trend toward a small decrease.

Ishibashi, T., et al., Peripheral endothelial function can be improved by daily consumption of water containing over 7 ppm of dissolved hydrogen: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, 2020. 15(5): p. e0233484.
Human study | Randomized, placebo-controlled trial | n = 68 | Healthy volunteers | Delivery: 500 mL/day water with 7 ppm H2 (3.5 mg) vs nitrogen water, for 2 weeks | PMID 32470022
Finger reactive hyperemia index, a measure of blood-vessel (endothelial) function, rose more in the high-hydrogen group: by 22% at 24 hours and 25% at 2 weeks.

Todorovic, N., et al., The Effects of 8-Week Hydrogen-Rich Water Consumption on Appetite, Body Composition, Sleep Quality, and Circulating Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Obese Men and Women (HYDRAPPET): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina (Kaunas), 2025. 61(7).
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (8 weeks) | n = 36 | Adults with obesity | Delivery: 1.0 L/day hydrogen-rich water (15 mg H2) vs control water | PMID 40731927
Compared with control, cravings, self-rated sleep quality, total and LDL cholesterol, and plasma GLP-1 were more favorable, with several results right at the P = 0.05 threshold. No severe adverse effects were reported.

Ogawa, S., et al., Electrolyzed hydrogen-rich water for oxidative stress suppression and improvement of insulin resistance: a multicenter prospective double-blind randomized control trial. Diabetol Int, 2022. 13(1): p. 209-219.
Human study | Multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled trial | n = 50 | Adults with type 2 diabetes | Delivery: Electrolyzed hydrogen-rich water vs filtered water | PMID 35059257
The primary outcome, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), did not differ between groups. Serum lactate fell in the hydrogen-water group. The authors call for larger, longer studies.

Human Trials: Healthy Aging

Studies in adults and older adults that measured oxidative-stress, immune and aging-related biomarkers.

Rahman, M.H., et al., Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Community-Dwelling Adults of Various Ages: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Prospective Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel), 2023. 12(6).
Human study | Single-arm, open-label prospective trial | n = 54 enrolled | Community-dwelling adults of various ages | Delivery: 2% H2 in filtered air by nasal cannula, 30 minutes a day for 4 weeks (per PMC full text) | PMID 37371971
White blood cell counts were not adversely affected. Blood reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide were lower after 4 weeks, and several blood biomarkers the authors associate with cognitive health changed. There was no control group.

Chair, M., et al., The impact of hydrogen inhalation therapy on blood reactive oxygen species levels: A randomized controlled study. Free Radic Biol Med, 2024. 222: p. 601-606.
Human study | Randomized controlled study (no-inhalation control) | n = 37 | Adults with elevated blood oxidative-stress levels (d-ROMs > 350 U.CARR) | Delivery: Hydrogen inhalation session (details in paper) vs no inhalation | PMID 38996821
Blood reactive oxygen species (d-ROMs) were lower right after the session and 24 hours later, compared with controls who did not inhale. The control group received no sham gas.

Zanini, D., et al., The effects of 6-month hydrogen-rich water intake on molecular and phenotypic biomarkers of aging in older adults aged 70 years and over: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Exp Gerontol, 2021. 155: p. 111574.
Human study | Randomized controlled pilot trial (6 months) | n = 40 | Adults aged 70 and over | Delivery: 0.5 L/day hydrogen-rich water (15 ppm) vs control drink | PMID 34601077
Telomere length showed a small significant group-by-time difference, and TET2 expression (a DNA-methylation marker) rose more with hydrogen-rich water. Most other aging biomarkers were not reported as different in the abstract. This was a pilot study.

Sim, M., et al., Hydrogen-rich water reduces inflammatory responses and prevents apoptosis of peripheral blood cells in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Sci Rep, 2020. 10(1): p. 12130.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | n = 38 | Healthy adults aged 20-59 | Delivery: 1.5 L/day hydrogen water vs plain water for 4 weeks | PMID 32699287
Overall oxidative-stress markers did not differ between groups. Antioxidant potential rose more in participants aged 30 and over. White-cell apoptosis was lower, and gene networks linked to inflammation were down-regulated in the hydrogen-water group.

Human Trials: Breathing & Lungs

Studies in people with respiratory conditions. They are listed for education only and are not a claim about any condition.

Botek, M., et al., Molecular Hydrogen Positively Affects Physical and Respiratory Function in Acute Post-COVID-19 Patients: A New Perspective in Rehabilitation. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022. 19(4).
Human study | Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial | n = 50 | Adults 3-5 weeks after COVID-19 infection | Delivery: H2 vs placebo inhalation, 2 x 60 minutes a day for 14 days | PMID 35206179
Six-minute walk distance was 64 m further, FVC 0.19 L higher and FEV1 0.11 L higher in the hydrogen group than in the placebo group.

Zheng, Z.G., et al., Hydrogen/oxygen therapy for the treatment of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial. Respir Res, 2021. 22(1): p. 149.
Human study | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial | n = 108 | Hospitalized adults with a COPD flare-up (AECOPD) | Delivery: Hydrogen/oxygen mixture vs oxygen alone, alongside standard hospital care | PMID 33985501
Symptom scores for breathlessness, cough and sputum (BCSS) fell more at day 7 in the hydrogen/oxygen group than in the oxygen group. Lung function, blood gases and oxygen saturation did not differ, and adverse events were similar.

Guan, W.J., et al., Hydrogen/oxygen mixed gas inhalation improves disease severity and dyspnea in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 in a recent multicenter, open-label clinical trial. J Thorac Dis, 2020. 12(6): p. 3448-3452.
Human study | Multicenter, open-label, non-randomized clinical trial | n = 90 | Hospitalized adults with COVID-19 and breathlessness | Delivery: 66% H2 / 33% O2 at 6 L/min by nasal cannula vs oxygen, alongside standard care (per PMC full text) | PMID 32642277
A larger share of the hydrogen-oxygen group had better scores on severity and breathlessness scales, and resting oxygen saturation rose more. Groups were assigned by clinicians rather than randomized, which the authors note may cause bias.

Wang, N., et al., Hydrogen inhalation: A novel approach to alleviating allergic rhinitis symptoms by modulating nasal flora. World Allergy Organ J, 2024. 17(10): p. 100970.
Human study | Single-arm before/after study with healthy comparison group | n = 30 (+30 healthy controls) | Adults with allergic rhinitis | Delivery: 66.6% H2 via hydrogen-oxygen nebulizer, 3 hours a day for 4 weeks (per PMC full text) | PMID 39308790
Nasal symptom scores, blood eosinophils and IgE were lower after 4 weeks, and the makeup of nasal bacteria shifted. There was no placebo group, and the authors call for larger trials.

Tan, Y., et al., The Effect of 14-Day Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Alleviates Fatigue but Does Not Ameliorate Dyspnea in Long-COVID Patients: A Pilot, Single-Blind, and Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 2024. 16(10).
Human study | Pilot, single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial | n = 32 | Adults with long-COVID symptoms | Delivery: Hydrogen-rich water vs placebo water for 14 days | PMID 38794767
Fatigue scores, six-minute walk distance, chair-stand results and sleep-quality (PSQI) scores changed more favorably with hydrogen-rich water. Breathlessness (mMRC) did not differ.

Human Trials: Clinical Settings

Hospital and clinic studies in which hydrogen was given under medical supervision along with standard care. Neutral and negative results are included.

Tamura, T., et al., Efficacy of inhaled hydrogen on neurological outcome following brain ischaemia during post-cardiac arrest care (HYBRID II): a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine, 2023. 58: p. 101907.
Human study | Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (HYBRID II) | n = 73 | Comatose adults after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | Delivery: 2% H2 with supplemental oxygen vs oxygen alone, for 18 hours in intensive care | PMID 36969346
The primary outcome (good neurological category at 90 days) was 56% vs 39%, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.15). A secondary functional score (mRS) favored hydrogen. The trial stopped early because of COVID-19 enrollment limits.

Tamura, T., et al., Feasibility and Safety of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation for Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome – First-in-Human Pilot Study. Circ J, 2016. 80(8): p. 1870-3.
Human study | First-in-human pilot feasibility study | n = 5 | Adults after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | Delivery: Hydrogen gas inhalation with targeted temperature management (concentration not stated in abstract) | PMID 27334126
No undesirable effects were attributed to hydrogen inhalation in these 5 intensive-care patients. The authors concluded it was feasible to study further.

Ji, S., et al., The impact of perioperative hydrogen gas inhalation on postoperative recovery in day surgery patients: a research study. Sci Rep, 2026..
Human study | Double-blind randomized controlled trial | n = 150 | Adults having day surgery (laparoscopic gallbladder removal or thyroid surgery) | Delivery: Hydrogen-oxygen mixture (66.7% H2 source gas) vs nitrogen-oxygen mixture by nasal cannula before and after surgery | PMID 42436242
Quality-of-recovery (QoR-15) scores dropped less after surgery in the hydrogen group, and IL-6 and IL-12 were lower. Pain, sleep and adverse-event differences were exploratory or not significant.

Lin, H., et al., Hydrogen Gas Treatment Improves Postoperative Delirium and Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Noncardiac Patients. J Pers Med, 2022. 13(1).
Human study | Randomized controlled trial | n = 184 randomized (153 analyzed) | Adults aged 65+ having elective non-cardiac surgery | Delivery: 66.7% H2 / 33.3% O2 at 3 L/min by nasal cannula for 1 hour vs 33% oxygen (per PMC full text) | PMID 36675728
Postoperative delirium was recorded in 12% of the hydrogen group vs 24% of controls, and CRP was lower. Sleep quality and hospital stay did not differ, and day-1 pain scores were slightly higher in the hydrogen group.

Okada, M., et al., A double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial of hydrogen inhalation therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Front Neurosci, 2022. 16: p. 1024634.
Human study | Multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled trial | n = 65 | Adults with sudden hearing loss receiving standard steroid medication | Delivery: H2 vs air inhalation added to standard medication | PMID 36507329
Hearing thresholds at 3 months were not significantly different between groups. The change in threshold from baseline was larger in the hydrogen group (32.7 dB vs 24.2 dB, P = 0.048). No inhalation-related adverse effects were reported.

Yoritaka, A., et al., Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of hydrogen inhalation for Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study. Neurol Sci, 2021. 42(11): p. 4767-4770.
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot | n = 20 | Adults with Parkinson’s disease taking levodopa | Delivery: 6.5% H2 in 2 L/min mixed air vs placebo air, 1 hour twice a day for 16 weeks | PMID 34319514
The rating-scale score (MDS-UPDRS) did not differ between the hydrogen and placebo groups. No adverse events were seen. The authors concluded that inhalation was safe in this pilot but did not outperform placebo.

Tao, G., et al., A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Mol Med, 2022. 26(14): p. 4113-4123.
Human study | Randomized, placebo-controlled trial (plus mouse/cell experiments) | n = 43 | Adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Delivery: Hydrogen/oxygen mixture vs placebo, for 13 weeks | PMID 35734974
Serum lipids and liver enzymes were more favorable, and liver fat on ultrasound/CT was lower in moderate-to-severe cases. The paper also includes animal and cell experiments.

Maruyama, T., et al., Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Improved Intestinal Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biomedicines, 2025. 13(8).
Human study | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | n = 10 | Adults with active ulcerative colitis | Delivery: H2 vs air inhalation, 4 hours a day for 8 weeks | PMID 40868053
The makeup of gut bacteria (beta-diversity) changed differently with hydrogen than with placebo. The authors report no clear clinical effect on the condition and no inhalation-related adverse events.

Human Case Reports

Case reports describe single patients or a few patients, with no control group. They cannot show cause and effect.

Hirano, S.I., et al., Successful treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome using hydrogen gas: four case reports. Med Gas Res, 2024. 14(2): p. 84-86.
Human study | Case reports | n = 4 | Adults with ME/CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome) | Delivery: 6-7% H2 from a water-electrolysis generator at 2 L/min, 3-6 hours a day (per PMC full text) | PMID 37929512
The authors describe changes in symptom scores (such as post-exertional fatigue, ‘brain fog’ and sleep) over weeks of inhalation in four patients. There was no control group.

Nakazawa, R., et al., Fatigue disappearance in hemodialysis patients by dual approach with hydrogen gas inhalation and hydrogen-enriched dialysate: two case reports. Med Gas Res, 2025. 15(1): p. 122-123.
Human study | Case reports | n = 2 | Men on long-term hemodialysis | Delivery: 2.5% H2 via nasal cannula (99.99% H2 at 250 mL/min) for 4-5 hours during dialysis 3 times a week, plus hydrogen-enriched dialysate, for 3 months (per PMC full text) | PMID 39436179
The authors report that fatigue scores fell in both patients during the combined approach. There was no control group, and two methods were combined.

Huang, Y., et al., Hydrogen inhalation promotes recovery of a patient in persistent vegetative state from intracerebral hemorrhage: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases, 2022. 10(4): p. 1311-1319.
Human study | Case report and literature review | n = 1 | 11-year-old in a persistent vegetative state after brain bleeding | Delivery: 66.6% H2 / 33.3% O2, 4-6 hours a day, alongside ongoing rehabilitation | PMID 35211564
The authors describe gradual recovery of consciousness scores (CRS-R 3 to 22) during the period of inhalation. They call for phase 1 trials to test safety and efficacy.

Harada, Y., et al., The Improvement of Physical Function and Caregiver Burden by a Multimodal Intervention: A Case Study of Combined Exercise Therapy, Nutritional Guidance, and Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Therapy. Cureus, 2025. 17(2): p. e79516.
Human study | Exploratory case study | n = 1 | Older woman with suspected sarcopenia | Delivery: Hydrogen gas inhalation as part of a 3-month program with exercise and nutrition guidance | PMID 40151718
Grip strength and walking speed rose, and CRP, IL-6 and 8-OHdG fell over 3 months. The authors say the separate effect of hydrogen cannot be determined.

Human Studies: Earlier Research

Zhu, Q., et al., Positive effects of hydrogen-water bathing in patients of psoriasis and parapsoriasis en plaques. Sci Rep, 2018. 8(1): p. 8051.

Nishimaki, K., et al., Effects of Molecular Hydrogen Assessed by an Animal Model and a Randomized Clinical Study on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2018. 15(5): p. 482-492.

Nakayama, M., et al., Novel haemodialysis (HD) treatment employing molecular hydrogen (H2)-enriched dialysis solution improves prognosis of chronic dialysis patients: A prospective observational study. Sci Rep, 2018. 8(1): p. 254.

Ostojic, Sergej M., et al. “28-days Hydrogen-rich Water Supplementation Affects Exercise Capacity in Mid-age Overweight Women: 2942 Board# 225 June 1 3.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50.5S (2018): 728-729.

Yang, Q., et al., Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on liver function of colorectal cancer patients treated with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy. Mol Clin Oncol, 2017. 7(5): p. 891-896.

Trivic, T., et al., Drinking hydrogen-rich water for 4 weeks positively affects serum antioxidant enzymes in healthy men: a pilot study. Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research, 2017. 15(1): p. 45-48.

Sun, Y.P. and L. Sun, Selective protective effect of hydrogen water on free radical injury of athletes after high-intensity exercise. Biomedical Research on Trace Elements, 2017. 28(10): p. 4558-4561.

Shibayama, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich Water Modulates Redox Status Repeated Three Consecutive Days Of Strenuous Exercise (3298 Board# 203 June 2). Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2017. 49(5s): p. 941.

Ono, H., et al., Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Treatment in Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study on Safety and Neuroprotection. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2017.

Mizuno, K., et al., Hydrogen-rich water for improvements of mood, anxiety, and autonomic nerve function in daily life. Med Gas Res, 2017. 7(4): p. 247-255.

Korovljev, D., et al., Molecular hydrogen affects body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial function in middle-aged overweight women. Ir J Med Sci, 2017.

Katsumata, Y., et al., The Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction- First Pilot Study in Humans. Circ J, 2017.

A. Ponte, A., et al., Effects of hydrogen rich water on prolonged intermittent exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2017.

Shimminju, Effects of H2-Rich Water Consumption on Oxidative Stress, PBMC Profiles and Their Transcriptome: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study (Doctoral dissertation,). 2018.

Qian, L.R. and J.L. Shen, Successful treatment with hydrogen rich water in a case of chronic graft-versus-host-disease. Med Gas Res, 2016. 6(3): p. 177-179.

Maeda, K., et al., Improvement of the fraction of human mercaptalbumin on hemodialysis treatment using hydrogen-dissolved hemodialysis fluid: a prospective observational study. Renal Replacement Therapy, 2016. 2(1): p. 42.

Kawamura, T., et al., Effects of hydrogen bathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and delayed-onset muscle soreness. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med,, 2016. 65(3): p. 297-305.

Drid, P., et al., Molecular Hydrogen Affected Post-Exercise Recovery in Judo Athletes: 3820 Board# 259 June 4, 9: 30 AM-11: 00 AM.”. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016. 48(5): p. 1071.

Tanikawa, R., et al., Relationship between Exhaled Hydrogen and Human Neutrophil Function in the Japanese General Population. Hirosaki Medical Journal, 2015. 65: p. 138-146.

Tamasawa, A., et al., Hydrogen gas production is associated with reduced interleukin-1beta mRNA in peripheral blood after a single dose of acarbose in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Pharmacol, 2015. 762: p. 96-101.

Ishibashi, T., et al., Improvement of psoriasis-associated arthritis and skin lesions by treatment with molecular hydrogen: A report of three cases. Mol Med Rep, 2015. 12(2): p. 2757-64.

Azuma, T., et al., Drinking Hydrogen-Rich Water Has Additive Effects on Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment of Improving Periodontitis: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants 4(3): p. 513-522.

Takeuchi, S., et al., Effects of intravenous infusion of hydrogen-rich fluid combined with intra-cisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate in severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol, 2014. 14(1): p. 176.

Sakai, T., et al., Consumption of water containing over 3.5 mg of dissolved hydrogen could improve vascular endothelial function. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 2014. 10: p. 591-7.

Ostojic, S.M., et al., Effectiveness of oral and topical hydrogen for sports-related soft tissue injuries. Postgrad Med, 2014. 126(5): p. 187-95.

Ostojic, S.M. and M.D. Stojanovic, Hydrogen-rich water affected blood alkalinity in physically active men. Res Sports Med, 2014. 22(1): p. 49-60.

Ishibashi, T., et al., Therapeutic efficacy of infused molecular hydrogen in saline on rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Int Immunopharmacol, 2014. 21(2): p. 468-473.

Yoritaka, A., et al., Pilot study of H(2) therapy in Parkinson’s disease: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Movement Disorders, 2013.

Xia, C., et al., Effect of hydrogen-rich water on oxidative stress, liver function, and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Clin Transl Sci, 2013. 6(5): p. 372-5.

Terawaki, H., et al., Transperitoneal administration of dissolved hydrogen for peritoneal dialysis patients: a novel approach to suppress oxidative stress in the peritoneal cavity. Medical Gas Research, 2013. 3(1): p. 14.

Song, G., et al., Hydrogen-rich water decreases serum LDL-cholesterol levels and improves HDL function in patients with potential metabolic syndrome. Journal of Lipid Research, 2013. 54(7): p. 1884-93.

Shin, M.H., et al., Atomic Hydrogen Surrounded by Water Molecules, H(H2O)m, Modulates Basal and UV-Induced Gene Expressions in Human Skin In Vivo. PLoS One, 2013. 8(4): p. e61696.

Nagatani, K., et al., Safety of intravenous administration of hydrogen-enriched fluid in patients with acute cerebral ischemia: initial clinical studies. Med Gas Res, 2013. 3: p. 13.

Matsumoto, S., T. Ueda, and H. Kakizaki, Effect of supplementation with hydrogen-rich water in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology, 2013. 81(2): p. 226-30.

Li, Q., et al., Hydrogen water intake via tube-feeding for patients with pressure ulcer and its reconstructive effects on normal human skin cells in vitro. Med Gas Res, 2013. 3(1): p. 20.

Drid, P., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Water in Judo Training. . Psycho-Physiological, Spiritual and Ethical Aspects), 2013: p. 129.

Ono, H., et al., Hydrogen (H2) treatment for acute erythymatous skin diseases. A report of 4 patients with safety data and a non-controlled feasibility study with H2 concentration measurement on two volunteers. Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 14.

Ono, H., et al., A basic study on molecular hydrogen (H2) inhalation in acute cerebral ischemia patients for safety check with physiological parameters and measurement of blood H2 level. Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 21.

Ishibashi, T., et al., Consumption of water containing a high concentration of molecular hydrogen reduces oxidative stress and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label pilot study. Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 27.

Aoki, K., et al., Pilot study: Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on muscle fatigue caused by acute exercise in elite athletes. Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 12.

Ostojić, S.M., et al., Drinks with alkaline negative oxidative reduction potential improve exercise performance in physically active men and women: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of efficacy and safety. Serbian journal of sports sciences, 2011. 5(1-4): p. 83-89.

Kang, K.-M., et al., Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors. Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1: p. 11.

Ito, M., et al., Open-label trial and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of hydrogen-enriched water for mitochondrial and inflammatory myopathies. Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1(1): p. 24.

Nakayama, M., et al., A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H-2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2010. 25(9): p. 3026-3033.

Nakao, A., et al., Effectiveness of Hydrogen Rich Water on Antioxidant Status of Subjects with Potential Metabolic Syndrome-An Open Label Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2010. 46(2): p. 140-149.

Huang, K.C., et al., Electrolysed-reduced water dialysate improves T-cell damage in end-stage renal disease patients with chronic haemodialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2010. 25(8): p. 2730-2737.

Nakayama, M., et al., Biological Effects of Electrolyzed Water in Hemodialysis. Nephron Clinical Practice, 2009. 112(1): p. C9-C15.

Koyama K, T.Y., Saihara Y, Ando D, Goto Y, Katayama A, Effect of hydrogen saturated alkaline electrolyzed water on urinary oxidative stress markers after an acute exercise: A randomized controlled trial. Anti-aging Med, 2008. 4: p. 117-122.

Kajiyama, S., et al., Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition Research, 2008. 28: p. 137–143.

Yang, E.J., et al., A Clinical Trial of Orally Administered Alkaline Reduced Water. 대한의생명과학회지, 2007. 13(2): p. 83-89.

Bittner, A.C., et al., Intra-Individual Ergonomics (I2E): Performance Effects of Ultra-Negative-Ion Water. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting SAGE Journals, 2007. 55(26): p. 1617-1621.

Yeung, L.K., et al., Effect of electrolyzed reduced water hemodialysis on peripheral lymphocyte intracellular cytokine expression. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2006. 21: p. 204-204.

Lu, K.C., et al., Electrolyzed reduced water attenuates hemodialysis-induced mononuclear cells apoptosis in end-stage renal disease patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2006. 21: p. 200-201.

Huang, K.C., et al., Electrolyzed-reduced water reduced hemodialysis-induced erythrocyte impairment in end-stage renal disease patients. Kidney Int, 2006. 70(2): p. 391-8.

Hiraoka, A., et al., Effects of drinking a water product with anti-oxidant activities in vitro on the blood levels of biomarker substances for the oxidative stress. Journal of Health Science, 2006. 52(6): p. 817-820.

Lee, K.J., et al., Effect of electrolyzed-reduced water: in vivo and in vitro examination and clinical trials, in The 3rd Asia Pacific Conference on Evidence-Based Medicine. 2004: Hong Kong.

Fujiyama, Y. and T. Kitahora, Alkaline electrolytic water (alkali ions water) for drinking water in medicine. Mizu no Tokusei to Atarashii Riyo Gijutsu, Enu-Ti-Esu, Tokyo, 2004: p. 348-457.

Huang, K.C., et al., Reduced hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease patients by electrolyzed reduced water. Kidney Int, 2003. 64(2): p. 704-14.

Tashiro, H., et al., Clinical evaluation of alkali-ionized water for chronic diarrhea-placebo-controlled double blind study. Digestion & Absorption, 2000. 23: p. 52-56.

Cancer

Yang, Y., Y. Zhu, and X. Xi, Anti‑inflammatory and antitumor action of hydrogen via reactive oxygen species. Oncology Letters, 2018. 16(3): p. 2771-2776.

Wang, D., et al., Hydrogen gas inhibits lung cancer progression through targeting SMC3. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018. 104: p. 788-797.

Jiang, Y., et al., Therapeutic efficacy of hydrogen rich saline alone and in combination with PI3K inhibitor in non small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep, 2018. 18(2): p. 2182-2190.

Runtuwene, J., et al., Hydrogen-water enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced inhibition of colon cancer. PeerJ, 2015. 3: p. e859.

Kinjo, T., et al., Suppressive effects of electrochemically reduced water on matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities and in vitro invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Cytotechnology, 2012. 64(3): p. 357-371.

Matsushita, T., et al., Investigation of protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging. Jpn J Radiol, 2011. 29(7): p. 503-12.

Nakanishi, K., et al., growth suppression of HL60 and L6 cells by atomic hydrogen, in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, . 2010, Springer Netherlands. p. 323-325.

Asada, R., et al., Antitumor effects of nano-bubble hydrogen-dissolved water are enhanced by coexistent platinum colloid and the combined hyperthermia with apoptosis-like cell death. Oncol Rep, 2010. 24(6): p. 1463-70.

Tsai, C.F., et al., Enhanced induction of mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells due to electrolyzed-reduced water and glutathione. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2009. 73(2): p. 280-7.

Saitoh, Y., et al., Platinum nanocolloid-supplemented hydrogen dissolved water inhibits growth of human tongue carcinoma cells preferentially over normal cells. Exp Oncol, 2009. 31(3): p. 156-62.

Nakashima-Kamimura, N., et al., Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2009.

Ye, J., et al., Inhibitory effect of electrolyzed reduced water on tumor angiogenesis. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2008. 31(1): p. 19-26.

Saitoh, Y., et al., Neutral pH Hydrogen-Enriched Electrolyzed Water Achieves Tumor-Preferential Clonal Growth Inhibition Over Normal Cells and Tumor Invasion Inhibition Concurrently With Intracellular Oxidant Repression. Oncology Research, 2008. 17(6): p. 247-255.

Nishikawa, H., et al., Suppression of two-stage cell transformation by electrolyzed reduced water containing platinum nanoparticles, in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects. 2006, Springer Netherlands. p. 113-119.

Nishikawa, R., et al., Electrolyzed Reduced Water Supplemented with Platinum Nanoparticles Suppresses Promotion of Two-stage Cell Transformation. Cytotechnology, 2005. 47(1-3): p. 97-105.

Nishikawa, R., et al., Suppression of two-stage cell transformation by electrolyzed reduced water/platinum nanocolloids. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 2004. 40: p. 79A-79A.

LEE, K.-J., et al., Anticancer Effect of Alkaline Reduced Water. J Int Soc Life Inf Sci, 2004. 22(2): p. 302-305.

Jun, Y., et al., Suppression of invasion of cancer cells and angiogenesis by electrolyzed reduced water. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 2004. 40: p. 79A-79A.

Komatsu, T., Katakura, Y., Teruya, K., Otsubo, K., Morisawa, S., & and S. Shirahata, Electrolyzed reduced water induces differentiation in K-562 human leukemia cells. Animal cell technology: Basic & applied aspects, 2003: p. 387-391.

Shirahata, S.K., K. Kusumoto, M. Gotoh, K. Teruya, K. Otsubo, J. S. Morisawa, H. Hayashi, K. Katakura, Electrolyzed Reduced Water Which Can Scavenge Active Oxygen Species Supresses Cell Growth and Regulates Gene Expression of Animal Cells. New Developments and New Applications in Animal Cell Technology, 2002: p. 93-96.

Roberts, B.J., et al., Response of five established solid transplantable mouse tumors and one mouse leukemia to hyperbaric hydrogen. Cancer Treat Rep, 1978. 62(7): p. 1077-9.

Dole, M., F.R. Wilson, and W.P. Fife, Hyperbaric hydrogen therapy: a possible treatment for cancer. Science, 1975. 190(4210): p. 152-4.

Saitoh, Y., et al., Transient generation of hydrogen peroxide is responsible for carcinostatic effects of hydrogen combined with platinum nanocolloid, together with increases intracellular ROS, DNA cleavages, and proportion of G2/M-phase. Free Radic Res, 2016. 50(4): p. 385-95.

Brain

Yuan, J., et al., Hydrogen-rich water attenuates oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury via Nrf2 pathway. J Surg Res, 2018. 228: p. 238-246.

Wu, X., et al., Hydrogen exerts neuroprotective effects on OGD/R damaged neurons in rat hippocampal by protecting mitochondrial function via regulating mitophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. Brain Res, 2018.

Wang, H., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Activated Autophagy via HIF-1alpha Pathways in Neuropathic Pain Model. Biomed Res Int, 2018. 2018: p. 4670834.

Varga, V., et al., Molecular hydrogen alleviates asphyxia-induced neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 expression in newborn pigs. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2018.

Satoh, Y., et al., Molecular Hydrogen Prevents Social Deficits and Depression-Like Behaviors Induced by Low-Intensity Blast in Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2018.

Jiang, X., et al., FoxO1-mediated autophagy plays an important role in the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen in a rat model of vascular dementia. Behav Brain Res, 2018.

Imai, K., et al., Administration of molecular hydrogen during pregnancy improves behavioral abnormalities of offspring in a maternal immune activation model. Sci Rep, 2018. 8(1): p. 9221.

Huang, J.L., W.W. Liu, and X.J. Sun, Hydrogen inhalation improves mouse neurological outcomes after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion independent of anti-necroptosis. Med Gas Res, 2018. 8(1): p. 1-5.

Hou, C., et al., Hydrogen-rich water improves cognitive impairment gender-dependently in APP/PS1 mice without affecting Abeta clearance. Free Radic Res, 2018: p. 1-12.

Choi, K.S., et al., Neuroprotective effects of hydrogen inhalation in an experimental rat intracerebral hemorrhage model. Brain Res Bull, 2018. 142: p. 122-128.

randomized clinical study on mild cognitive impairment. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2017.

Yoshii, Y., et al., Complexity of Stomach-Brain Interaction Induced by Molecular Hydrogen in Parkinson’s Disease Model Mice. Neurochem Res, 2017.

Yoneda, T., et al., Preventive Effects of Drinking Hydrogen-Rich Water on Gingival Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients, 2017. 9(1).

Wen, D., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates anxiety-like behaviors in morphine-withdrawn mice. Neuropharmacology, 2017. 118: p. 199-208.

Shi, Y., et al., Hydrogen gas attenuates sevoflurane neurotoxicity through inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling and proinflammatory cytokine release in neonatal rats. Neuroreport, 2017. 28(17): p. 1170-1175.

Murakami, Y., M. Ito, and I. Ohsawa, Molecular hydrogen protects against oxidative stress-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell death through the process of mitohormesis. PLoS One, 2017. 12(5): p. e0176992.

Matsuoka, T., et al., Hydrogen gas inhalation inhibits progression to the “irreversible” stage of shock after severe hemorrhage in rats. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2017.

Ma, H., et al., [Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates hyperalgesia and reduces cytokines in rats with post-herpetic neuralgia via activating autophagy]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2017. 33(2): p. 155-158.

Liu, Y., et al., Effect of hydrogen-rich water on the angiogenesis in lesion boundary brain tissue of traumatic brain injury-challenged rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, 2017. 10(3): p. 3807-3815.

Li, D. and Y. Ai, Hydrogen saline suppresses neuronal cell apoptosis and inhibits the p38 mitogenactivated protein kinasecaspase3 signaling pathway following cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep, 2017. 16(4): p. 5321-5325.

Li, C., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and cognitive impairment via inhibition of isoflurane-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in ATP levels. Am J Transl Res, 2017. 9(3): p. 1162-1172.

He, Y., et al., Image-guided hydrogen gas delivery for protection from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via microbubbles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017.

Gao, Q., et al., Molecular hydrogen increases resilience to stress in mice. Sci Rep, 2017. 7(1): p. 9625.

Zhao, M., et al., Hydrogen-rich water improves neurological functional recovery in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. J Neuroimmunol, 2016. 294: p. 6-13.

Zhang, Y., et al., Effects of hydrogen-rich water on depressive-like behavior in mice. Sci Rep, 2016. 6: p. 23742.

Takaenoki, Y., et al., Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane in mice causes deficits in maternal behavior later in adulthood. Anesthesiology, 2014. 120(2): p. 403-15.

Yonamine, R., et al., Coadministration of hydrogen gas as part of the carrier gas mixture suppresses neuronal apoptosis and subsequent behavioral deficits caused by neonatal exposure to sevoflurane in mice. Anesthesiology, 2013. 118(1): p. 105-13.

Zhang, Y., et al., Treatment with Hydrogen-Rich Saline Delays Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurochem Res, 2016. 41(4): p. 770-8.

Zhang, L., et al., Hydrogen has a neuroprotective effect via activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway in ischemia reperfusion rat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, 2016. 9(6): p. 10521-10528.

Yang, L., D. Li, and S. Chen, Hydrogen water reduces NSE, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Open Med (Wars), 2016. 11(1): p. 399-406.

Wang, X., et al., The protective effects of hydrogen on HO-1 expression in the brainafter focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats. Turk J Med Sci, 2016. 46(5): p. 1534-1539.

Tian, R., et al., Hydrogen-rich water attenuates brain damage and inflammation after traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res, 2016. 1637: p. 1-13.

Shao, A., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuated Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Early Brain Injury in Rats by Suppressing Inflammatory Response: Possible Involvement of NF-kappaB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Mol Neurobiol, 2016. 53(5): p. 3462-3476.

Nemeth, J., et al., Molecular hydrogen affords neuroprotection in a translational piglet model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Physiol Pharmacol, 2016. 67(5): p. 677-689.

Li, Q., et al., Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats: Up-Regulated Tregs and Down-Regulated miR-21, miR-210 and NF-kappaB Expression. Neurochem Res, 2016. 41(10): p. 2655-2665.

Cui, J., et al., Inhalation of water electrolysis-derived hydrogen ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats – A possible new hydrogen resource for clinical use. Neuroscience, 2016. 335: p. 232-41.

Chen, X., et al., [Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the expression of aquaporin 1 in the cerebral cortex of rat with traumatic brain injury]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue, 2016. 28(5): p. 460-4.

Bai, X., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline mediates neuroprotection through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy under hypoxia-ischemia neonatal brain injury in mice. Brain Res, 2016. 1646: p. 410-7.

Zhang, Y.G., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline promotes motor functional recovery following peripheral nerve autografting in rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine., 2015. 10(2).

Yu, Y., et al., Protective effect of hydrogenrich medium against high glucoseinduced apoptosis of Schwann cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep, 2015. 12(3): p. 3986-92.

Wei, R., et al., Hydrogen Suppresses Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Cell Death in Hippocampal Neurons Through Reducing Oxidative Stress. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2015. 36(2): p. 585-98.

Takeuchi, S., et al., Hydrogen improves neurological function through attenuation of blood-brain barrier disruption in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. BMC Neurosci, 2015. 16: p. 22.

Nakano, T., et al., Maternal molecular hydrogen administration on lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse fetal brain injury. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2015. 57(3): p. 178-82.

Lin, C.L., et al., Hydrogen-rich water attenuates amyloid beta-induced cytotoxicity through upregulation of Sirt1-FoxO3a by stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase in SK-N-MC cells. Chem Biol Interact, 2015. 240: p. 12-21.

Han, L., et al., Hydrogen-rich water protects against ischemic brain injury in rats by regulating calcium buffering proteins. Brain Res, 2015.

Du, Z., et al., Three hydrogen-rich solutions protect against intestinal injury in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015. 8(5): p. 7620-6.

Du, Z., et al., Effects of three hydrogen-rich liquids on hemorrhagic shock in rats. J Surg Res, 2015. 193(1): p. 377-82.

Zhang, L., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline controls remifentanil-induced hypernociception and NMDA receptor NR1 subunit membrane trafficking through GSK-3beta in the DRG in rats. Brain Res Bull, 2014. 106C: p. 47-55.

Wang, T., et al., Oral intake of hydrogen-rich water ameliorated chlorpyrifos-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2014.

Tomura, S., et al., Physiological effects of combination therapy of intracisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate solution and intravenous injection of hydrogen-enriched fluid in the rat. Bōei Ika Daigakkō zasshi= Journal of the National Defense Medical College, 2014. 39: p. 96-102.

Mano, Y., et al., Maternal molecular hydrogen administration ameliorates rat fetal hippocampal damage caused by in utero ischemia-reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med, 2014. 69: p. 324-30.

Liu, L., et al., Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates brain injury in mice with cecal ligation and puncture via inhibiting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Brain Res, 2014. 1589: p. 78-92.

Liu, F.T., et al., Molecular Hydrogen Suppresses Reactive Astrogliosis Related to Oxidative Injury during Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2014.

Kashiwagi, T., et al., Electrochemically reduced water protects neural cells from oxidative damage. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2014. 2014: p. 869121.

Hong, Y., et al., Neuroprotective effect of hydrogen-rich saline against neurologic damage and apoptosis in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage: possible role of the Akt/GSK3beta signaling pathway. PLoS One, 2014. 9(4): p. e96212.

Dohi, K., et al., Molecular Hydrogen in Drinking Water Protects against Neurodegenerative Changes Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury. PLoS One, 2014. 9(9): p. e108034.

Cui, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates neuronal ischemia-reperfusion injury by protecting mitochondrial function in rats. J Surg Res, 2014.

Zhuang, Z., et al., Nuclear factor-kappaB/Bcl-XL pathway is involved in the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the brain following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. J Neurosci Res, 2013. 91(12): p. 1599-608.

Shen, M.H., et al., Neuroprotective effect of hydrogen-rich saline in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2013. 19(5): p. 361-3.

Olah, O., et al., Delayed neurovascular dysfunction is alleviated by hydrogen in asphyxiated newborn pigs. Neonatology, 2013. 104(2): p. 79-86.

Matsumoto, A., et al., Oral ‘hydrogen water’ induces neuroprotective ghrelin secretion in mice. Sci Rep, 2013. 3: p. 3273.

Manaenko, A., et al., Hydrogen inhalation ameliorated mast cell-mediated brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Critical Care Medicine, 2013. 41(5): p. 1266-75.

Huang, G., et al., The neuroprotective effects of intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen in rabbits with cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 2013. 84(5): p. 690-5.

Feng, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline prevents early neurovascular dysfunction resulting from inhibition of oxidative stress in STZ-diabetic rats. Curr Eye Res, 2013. 38(3): p. 396-404.

Zhuang, Z., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates early brain injury via reducing oxidative stress and brain edema following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. BMC Neurosci, 2012. 13: p. 47.

Zhou, J., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline reverses oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, and mortality in rats submitted to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture. Journal of Surgical Research, 2012. 178(1): p. 390-400.

Zhan, Y., et al., Hydrogen gas ameliorates oxidative stress in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Critical Care Medicine, 2012. 40(4): p. 1291-6.

Wang, W., et al., Hydrogen rich saline reduces immune-mediated brain injury in rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Neurological Research, 2012. 34(10): p. 1007-15.

Spulber, S., et al., Molecular hydrogen reduces LPS-induced neuroinflammation and promotes recovery from sickness behaviour in mice. PLoS One, 2012. 7(7): p. e42078.

Ji, X., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via reducing oxidative stress. Journal of Surgical Research, 2012. 178(1): p. e9-16.

Ito, M., et al., Drinking hydrogen water and intermittent hydrogen gas exposure, but not lactulose or continuous hydrogen gas exposure, prevent 6-hydorxydopamine-induced Parkinson’s disease in rats. Med Gas Res, 2012. 2(1): p. 15.

Hou, Z., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects against oxidative damage and cognitive deficits after mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull, 2012. 88(6): p. 560-5.

Hong, Y., et al., Beneficial effect of hydrogen-rich saline on cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neurosci Res, 2012. 90(8): p. 1670-80.

Yan, H., et al., The neuroprotective effects of electrolyzed reduced water and its model water containing molecular hydrogen and Pt nanoparticles. BMC Proc, 2011. 5 Suppl 8: p. P69.

Ueda, Y., T. Kojima, and T. Oikawa, Hippocampal gene network analysis suggests that coral calcium hydride may reduce accelerated senescence in mice. Nutrition Research, 2011. 31(11): p. 863-72.

Sun, Q., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline reduces delayed neurologic sequelae in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity. Critical Care Medicine, 2011. 39(4): p. 765-9.

Shen, L., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline is cerebroprotective in a rat model of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Neurochemical Research, 2011. 36(8): p. 1501-11.

Ono, H., et al., Improved brain MRI indices in the acute brain stem infarct sites treated with hydroxyl radical scavengers, Edaravone and hydrogen, as compared to Edaravone alone. A non-controlled study. Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1(1): p. 12.

Manaenko, A., et al., Hydrogen inhalation is neuroprotective and improves functional outcomes in mice after intracerebral hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl, 2011. 111: p. 179-83.

Liu, W., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen on fetal brain injury during maternal hypoxia. Acta Neurochir Suppl, 2011. 111: p. 307-11.

Kuroki, C., et al.,  Neuroprotective effects of hydrogen gas on brain in three types of stress models: A P-31-NMR and ESR study. Neuroscience Research, 2011. 71: p. E406-E406.

Kobayashi, H., et al., Effects of Hydrogen Gas in a Mouse Cold Induced Brain Injury Model. Journal of Neurotrauma, 2011. 28(5): p. A64-A64.

Hugyecz, M., et al., Hydrogen supplemented air inhalation reduces changes of prooxidant enzyme and gap junction protein levels after transient global cerebral ischemia in the rat hippocampus. Brain Research, 2011. 1404: p. 31-8.

Eckermann, J.M., et al., Hydrogen is neuroprotective against surgically induced brain injury. Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1(1): p. 7.

Ueda, Y., A. Nakajima, and T. Oikawa, Hydrogen-Related Enhancement of In Vivo Antioxidant Ability in the Brain of Rats Fed Coral Calcium Hydride. Neurochemical Research, 2010. 35(10): p. 1510-1515.

Ji, X., et al., Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via reducing oxidative stress. Brain Research, 2010. 1354: p. 196-205.

Hong, Y., S. Chen, and J.M. Zhang, [Research advances on hydrogen therapy in nervous system diseases]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 2010. 39(6): p. 638-43.

Gu, Y., et al., Drinking Hydrogen Water Ameliorated Cognitive Impairment in Senescence-Accelerated Mice. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2010. 46(3): p. 269-276.

Domoki, F., et al., Hydrogen is Neuroprotective and Preserves Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Asphyxiated Newborn Pigs. Pediatric Research, 2010. 68(5): p. 387-392.

Bari, F., et al., Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas Protects Cerebrovascular Reactivity Against Moderate but Not Severe Perinatal Hypoxic Injury in Newborn Piglets. Stroke, 2010. 41(4): p. E323-E323.

Nagata, K., et al., Consumption of Molecular Hydrogen Prevents the Stress-Induced Impairments in Hippocampus-Dependent Learning Tasks during Chronic Physical Restraint in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009. 34(2): p. 501-508.

Fujita, K., et al., Hydrogen in drinking water reduces dopaminergic neuronal loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One, 2009. 4(9): p. e7247.

Fu, Y., et al., Molecular hydrogen is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience Letters, 2009. 453: p. 81–85.

Sato, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008. 375(3): p. 346-350.

Kashiwagi, T., et al., Suppression of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis of Neuronal Cells by Electrolyzed-Reduced Water. Animal Cell Technology Meets Genomics, 2005. 2: p. 257-260.

Bones

Li, J., et al., Protective effects of molecular hydrogen on steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits via reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2017. 18(1): p. 58.

Guo, J., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline prevents bone loss in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Int Orthop, 2017. 41(10): p. 2119-2128.

Yamada, T., et al., Hydrogen supplementation of preservation solution improves viability of osteochondral grafts. ScientificWorldJournal, 2014. 2014: p. 109876.

Wan, W.L., et al., An In Situ Depot for Continuous Evolution of Gaseous H2 Mediated by a Magnesium Passivation/Activation Cycle for Treating Osteoarthritis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2018.

Sun, Y., et al., Treatment of hydrogen molecule abates oxidative stress and alleviates bone loss induced by modeled microgravity in rats. Osteoporos Int, 2013. 24(3): p. 969-78.

Li, D.Z., et al., Treatment with hydrogen molecules prevents RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation associated with inhibition of ROS formation and inactivation of MAPK, AKT and NF-kappa B pathways in murine RAW264.7 cells. J Bone Miner Metab, 2013.

Guo, J.D., et al., Hydrogen water consumption prevents osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. Br J Pharmacol, 2013. 168(6): p. 1412-20.

Cai, W.W., et al., Treatment with hydrogen molecule alleviates TNFalpha-induced cell injury in osteoblast. Mol Cell Biochem, 2013. 373(1-2): p. 1-9.

Xu, Z., et al., Anti-inflammation effects of hydrogen saline in LPS activated macrophages and carrageenan induced paw oedema. J Inflamm (Lond), 2012. 9: p. 2.

Takeuchi, S., et al., Hydrogen may inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation: an ex vivo and in vivo study. Internal Medicine, 2012. 51(11): p. 1309-13.

Lekic, T., et al., Protective effect of hydrogen gas therapy after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats.. Acta Neurochir Suppl, 2011. 111: p. 237-41.

Kubota, M., et al., Hydrogen and N-acetyl-L-cysteine rescue oxidative stress-induced angiogenesis in a mouse corneal alkali-burn model. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2011. 52(1): p. 427-33.

Itoh, T., et al., Molecular hydrogen inhibits lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-induced nitric oxide production through modulation of signal transduction in macrophages. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2011. 411(1): p. 143-9.

Hanaoka, T., et al., Molecular hydrogen protects chondrocytes from oxidative stress and indirectly alters gene expressions through reducing peroxynitrite derived from nitric oxide. Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1(1): p. 18.

Kawasaki, H., J.J. Guan, and K. Tamama,  Hydrogen gas treatment prolongs replicative lifespan of bone marrow multipotential stromal cells in vitro while preserving differentiation and paracrine potentials. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2010. 397(3): p. 608-613.

Eyes & Ears

Wu, J., et al., Hydrogen postconditioning promotes survival of rat retinal ganglion cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018. 495(4): p. 2462-2468.

Ogawa, H., et al., Prevention of ischemia-induced hearing loss by intravenous administration of hydrogen-rich saline in gerbil. Neurosci Lett, 2018. 665: p. 195-199.

Tao, Y., et al., The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic Study. Front Pharmacol, 2017. 8: p. 587.

Fransson, A.E., et al., Hydrogen Inhalation Protects against Ototoxicity Induced by Intravenous Cisplatin in the Guinea Pig. Front Cell Neurosci, 2017. 11: p. 280.

Chu, Y.Y., et al., [The protection of hydrogen-rich saline on a rat dry eye model induced by scopolamine hydrobromide]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi, 2017. 53(5): p. 363-372.

Chen, L., et al., Molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of hydrogen-saturated saline on noise-induced hearing loss. Acta Otolaryngol, 2017: p. 1-6.

Wang, R., et al., Postconditioning with inhaled hydrogen promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Brain Res, 2016. 1632: p. 82-90.

Igarashi, T., et al., Hydrogen prevents corneal endothelial damage in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Sci Rep, 2016. 6: p. 31190.

Chen, T., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Exp Eye Res, 2016. 148: p. 65-73.

Yokota, T., et al., Protective effect of molecular hydrogen against oxidative stress caused by peroxynitrite derived from nitric oxide in rat retina. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, 2015.

Qi, L.S., et al., Sirtuin Type 1 Mediates the Retinal Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Against Light-Induced Damage in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015. 56(13): p. 8268-79.

Sun, J.C., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of optic nerve crush. PLoS One, 2014. 9(6): p. e99299.

Moossavi, A., F. Bagheri, and H.R. Farkhani, Capabilities of hydrogen Molecules for use in the prevention and treatment in noise induced hearing loss. Rehabilitation Medicine 2014. 2(4).

Kurioka, T., et al., Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss through reducing reactive oxygen species. Neurosci Res, 2014.

Chen, L., et al., Hydrogen-Saturated Saline Protects Intensive Narrow Band Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Guinea Pigs through an Antioxidant Effect. PLoS One, 2014. 9(6): p. e100774.

Yang, C.X., H. Yan, and T.B. Ding, Hydrogen saline prevents selenite-induced cataract in rats. Molecular Vision, 2013. 19: p. 1684-93.

Tian, L., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the retina against light-induced damage in rats. Med Gas Res, 2013. 3(1): p. 19.

Zhou, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates experimental noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Neuroscience, 2012. 209: p. 47-53.

Xiao, X., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen saline on diabetic retinopathy in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2012. 28(1): p. 76-82.

Qu, J., et al., Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via reducing oxidative stress. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012. 76(1): p. 111-5.

Qu, J., et al., Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates ouabain-induced auditory neuropathy in gerbils. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2012. 33(4): p. 445-451.

Feng, M., et al., Protective effect of saturated hydrogen saline against blue light-induced retinal damage in rats. Int J Ophthalmol, 2012. 5(2): p. 151-7.

Lin, Y., et al., Hydrogen in drinking water attenuates noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Neuroscience Letters, 2011. 487(1): p. 12-16.

Taura, A., et al., Hydrogen protects vestibular hair cells from free radicals. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2010. 130: p. 95-100.

Oharazawa, H., et al., Protection of the Retina by Rapid Diffusion of Hydrogen: Administration of Hydrogen-Loaded Eye Drops in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2010. 51(1): p. 487-492.

Kikkawa, Y.S., et al., Hydrogen protects auditory hair cells from free radicals. Neuroreport, 2009. 20(7): p. 689-94.

Kashiwagi, T., et al., Suppression of glutamate-induced neural cell death by electrolyzed-reduced water, in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects. 2004, Springer Netherlands. p. 105-109.

Heart

Song, D., et al., Hydrogen rich solution against myocardial injury and aquaporin expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during cardiopulmonary bypass in rats. Mol Med Rep, 2018. 18(2): p. 1925-1938.

Matsuoka, H., et al., Hydrogen gas improves left ventricular hypertrophy in Dahl rat of salt-sensitive hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens, 2018: p. 1-5

Feng, R., et al., Early Aerobic Exercise Combined with Hydrogen-Rich Saline as Preconditioning Protects Myocardial Injury Induced by Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2018.

Chi, J., et al., Inhalation of Hydrogen Attenuates Progression of Chronic Heart Failure via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and P53 Related to Apoptosis Pathway in Rats. Frontiers in Physiology, 2018. 9: p. 1026.

Chen, K., et al., Hydrogen-rich solution attenuates myocardial injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass in rats via the Janus-activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett, 2018. 16(1): p. 167-178.

Zalesak, M., et al., Molecular hydrogen potentiates beneficial anti-infarct effect of hypoxic postconditioning in isolated rat hearts: a novel cardioprotective intervention. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2017. 95(8): p. 888-893.

Yang, J., et al., Hydrogen-containing saline alleviates pressure overload-induced interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in rats. Mol Med Rep, 2017. 16(2): p. 1771-1778.

Tamura, T., et al., Efficacy of inhaled HYdrogen on neurological outcome following BRain Ischemia During post-cardiac arrest care (HYBRID II trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2017. 18(1): p. 488.

Ridwan, R.D., W.S. Juliastuti, and R.D. Setijanto, Effect of electrolyzed reduced water on Wistar rats with chronic periodontitis on malondialdehyde levels. Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi), 2017. 50(1): p. 10-13.

Gao, Y., et al., Hydrogen Gas Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Independent of Postconditioning in Rats by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Autophagy. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2017. 43(4): p. 1503-1514.

Gao, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates hippocampus endoplasmic reticulum stress after cardiac arrest in rats. Neurosci Lett, 2017. 640: p. 29-36.

Chen, O., et al., High-concentration hydrogen protects mouse heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury through activation of thePI3K/Akt1 pathway. Sci Rep, 2017. 7(1): p. 14871.

Zhang, Y., et al., Hydrogen (H2) Inhibits Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy via Antioxidative Pathways. Front Pharmacol, 2016. 7: p. 392.

Wang, P., et al., Hydrogen Inhalation is Superior to Mild Hypothermia in Improving Cardiac Function and Neurological Outcome in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model of Rats. Shock, 2016. 46(3): p. 312-8.

Gao, Y., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Cardiac and Hepatic Injury in Doxorubicin Rat Model by Inhibiting Inflammation and Apoptosis. Mediators Inflamm, 2016. 2016: p. 1320365.

Zhang, G., et al., Pharmacological postconditioning with lactic Acid and hydrogen rich saline alleviates myocardial reperfusion injury in rats. Sci Rep, 2015. 5: p. 9858.

Yu, Y., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich medium on lipopolysaccharide-induced monocytic adhesion and vascular endothelial permeability through regulation of vascular endothelial cadherin. Genet Mol Res, 2015. 14(2): p. 6202-12.

Wu, F., et al., Treatment with hydrogen molecule attenuates cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Pathol, 2015. 24(5): p. 294-303.

Song, G., et al., Molecular hydrogen stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque in low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice. Free Radic Biol Med, 2015. 87: p. 58-68.

Song, G., et al., Hydrogen Activates ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1-Dependent Efflux Ex Vivo and Improves High-Density Lipoprotein Function in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015. 100(7): p. 2724-33.

Jing, L., et al., Cardioprotective Effect of Hydrogen-rich Saline on Isoproterenol-induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Heart Lung Circ, 2015. 24(6): p. 602-10.

Xie, Q., et al., Hydrogen gas protects against serum and glucose deprivation induced myocardial injury in H9c2 cells through activation of the NFE2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep, 2014. 10(2): p. 1143-9.

Wu, S., et al., Hydrogen-containing saline attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart failure in rats. Pharmazie, 2014. 69(8): p. 633-6.

Huo, T.T., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Improves Survival and Neurological Outcome after Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats. Anesth Analg, 2014.

Hayashida, K., et al., Hydrogen Inhalation During Normoxic Resuscitation Improves Neurological Outcome in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest, Independent of Targeted Temperature Management. Circulation, 2014.

Drabek, T. and P.M. Kochanek, Improving outcomes from resuscitation: from hypertension and hemodilution to therapeutic hypothermia to H2. Circulation, 2014. 130(24): p. 2133-5.

Shinbo, T., et al., Breathing nitric oxide plus hydrogen gas reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and nitrotyrosine production in murine heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2013. 305(4): p. H542-50.

Nagatani, K., et al., The Effect of Hydrogen Gas on a Mouse Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion. Brain Edema XV Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement 2013.

Fujii, Y., et al., Insufflation of hydrogen gas restrains the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass in a rat model. Artif Organs, 2013. 37(2): p. 136-41.

Yoshida, A., et al., H(2) mediates cardioprotection via involvements of K(ATP) channels and permeability transition pores of mitochondria in dogs. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, 2012. 26(3): p. 217-26.

Sun, Q., et al., Oral intake of hydrogen-rich water inhibits intimal hyperplasia in arterialized vein grafts in rats. Cardiovasc Res, 2012. 94(1): p. 144-53.

Sakai, K., et al., Inhalation of hydrogen gas protects against myocardial stunning and infarction in swine. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2012. 46(3): p. 183-9.

Qin, Z.X., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline prevents neointima formation after carotid balloon injury by suppressing ROS and the TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB pathway. Atherosclerosis, 2012. 220(2): p. 343-50.

Noda, K., et al., Hydrogen-supplemented drinking water protects cardiac allografts from inflammation-associated deterioration. Transpl Int, 2012. 25(12): p. 1213-22.

Hayashida, K., et al., H(2) gas improves functional outcome after cardiac arrest to an extent comparable to therapeutic hypothermia in a rat model. J Am Heart Assoc, 2012. 1(5): p. e003459.

Kasuyama, K., et al., Hydrogen-rich water attenuates experimental periodontitis in a rat model. J Clin Periodontol, 2011. 38(12): p. 1085-90.

Hayashi, T., et al., Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates left ventricular remodeling induced by intermittent hypoxia in mice. American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2011. 301(3): p. H1062-9.

Antioxidants & Misc

Zhang, W., et al., Hydrogen alleviates cellular senescence via regulation of ROS/p53/p21 pathway in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018. 106: p. 1126-1134.

Xu, F., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis by Reversing the Imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Up-Regulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Regulatory T Cells, Interleukin-10, and Membrane-Bound Transforming Growth Factor-beta in Guinea Pigs. Inflammation, 2018. 41(1): p. 81-92.

Nishiwaki, H., et al., Molecular hydrogen upregulates heat shock response and collagen biosynthesis, and downregulates cell cycles – Meta-analyses of gene expression profiles. Free Radic Res, 2018: p. 1-311.

de Maistre, S., et al., Stimulating fermentation by the prolonged acceleration of gut transit protects against decompression sickness. Sci Rep, 2018. 8(1): p. 10128.

Zhao, J., et al., Therapeutic Effect of Hydrogen Injected Subcutaneously on Onion Poisoned Dogs. J Vet Res, 2017. 61(4): p. 527-533.

Yu, J., et al., Hydrogen gas alleviates oxygen toxicity by reducing hydroxyl radical levels in PC12 cells. PLoS One, 2017. 12(3): p. e0173645.

Wan, W.L., et al., In Situ Nanoreactor for Photosynthesizing H2 Gas To Mitigate Oxidative Stress in Tissue Inflammation. J Am Chem Soc, 2017. 139(37): p. 12923-12926.

Sun, Q., et al., Hydrogen alleviates hyperoxic acute lung injury related endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats through upregulation of SIRT1. Free Radic Res, 2017. 51(6): p. 622-632.

Sobue, S., et al., Molecular hydrogen modulates gene expression via histone modification and induces the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017. 493(1): p. 318-324.

Lee, J., et al., Hydrogen-rich medium protects mouse embryonic fibroblasts from oxidative stress by activating LKB1-AMPK-FoxO1 signal pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017. 491(3): p. 733-739.

Hu, Z., et al., Impact of molecular hydrogen treatments on the innate immune activity and survival of zebrafish (Danio rerio) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2017. 67: p. 554-560.

Han, A.L., S.H. Park, and M.S. Park, Hydrogen Treatment Protects against Cell Death and Senescence Induced by Oxidative Damage. J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2017. 27(2): p. 365-371.

Hamasaki, T., et al., Electrochemically reduced water exerts superior reactive oxygen species scavenging activity in HT1080 cells than the equivalent level of hydrogen-dissolved water. PLoS One, 2017. 12(2): p. e0171192.

Yang, T., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Medium Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Barrier Dysfunction Via Rhoa-Mdia1 Signaling in Caco-2 Cells. Shock, 2016. 45(2): p. 228-37.

Settineri, R., et al., Effects of Hydrogenized Water on Intracellular Biomarkers for Antioxidants, Glucose Uptake, Insulin Signaling and SIRT 1 and Telomerase Activity. American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 2016. 4(6): p. 161-168.

Ren, J.D., et al., Molecular hydrogen inhibits lipopolysaccharide-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages by targeting the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2016. 1863(1): p. 50-5.

Pshenichnyuk, S.A., et al., Hypothesis for the Mechanism of Ascorbic Acid Activity in Living Cells Related to Its Electron-Accepting Properties. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2016. 120(17): p. 2667-2676.

Meng, J., et al., Molecular hydrogen decelerates rheumatoid arthritis progression through inhibition of oxidative stress. Am J Transl Res, 2016. 8(10): p. 4472-4477.

Lin, Y., et al., Molecular hydrogen suppresses activated Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Sci Rep, 2016. 6: p. 31986.

Li, J., et al., The Effects of Molecular Hydrogen and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid on Paraquat-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and TNF-alpha in Macrophages. Inflammation, 2016. 39(6): p. 1990-1996.

Kamimura, N., et al., Molecular hydrogen stimulates the gene expression of transcriptional coactivator PGC-1 [alpha] to enhance fatty acid metabolism. NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease, 2016. 2: p. 16008.

Iuchi, K., et al., Molecular hydrogen regulates gene expression by modifying the free radical chain reaction-dependent generation of oxidized phospholipid mediators. Sci Rep, 2016. 6: p. 18971.

Lei, W., et al., Hydrogen-rich water inhibits mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation in the skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2015. 19(29).

Kato, S., D. Matsuoka, and N. Miwa, Antioxidant activities of nano-bubble hydrogen-dissolved water assessed by ESR and 2, 2′-bipyridyl methods. Materials Science and Engineering:, 2015. C 53: p. 7-10.

Hyspler, R., et al., The Evaluation and Quantitation of Dihydrogen Metabolism Using Deuterium Isotope in Rats. PLoS One, 2015. 10(6): p. e0130687.

Penders, J., R. Kissner, and W.H. Koppenol, ONOOH does not react with H2. Free Radic Biol Med, 2014.

Qian, L., et al., Administration of hydrogen-rich saline protects mice from lethal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Transplantation, 2013. 95(5): p. 658-62.

Park, S.K. and S.K. Park, Electrolyzed-reduced water increases resistance to oxidative stress, fertility, and lifespan via insulin/IGF-1-like signal in C. elegans. Biol Res, 2013. 46(2): p. 147-52.

Park, S.K., et al., Electrolyzed-reduced water confers increased resistance to environmental stresses. Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 2012. 8(3): p. 241-247.

Yan, H., et al., Mechanism of the lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans by electrolyzed reduced water–participation of Pt nanoparticles. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2011. 75(7): p. 1295-9.

Yan, H.X., et al., Extension of the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by the Use of Electrolyzed Reduced Water. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2010. 74(10): p. 2011-2015.

Yan, H., et al., electrolyzed reduced water prolongs caenorhabditis elegans lifespan, in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects. 2010, Springer Netherlands. p. 289-293.

Hiraoka, A., et al., In Vitro Physicochemical Properties of Neutral Aqueous Solution Systems (Water Products as Drinks) Containing Hydrogen Gas, 2-Carboxyethyl Germanium Sesquioxide, and Platinum Nanocolloid as Additives. Journal of Health Science, 2010. 56(2): p. 167-174.

Ohsawa, I., et al., Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med, 2007. 13(6): p. 688-694.

Chen, Y., et al., H Treatment Attenuated Pain Behavior and Cytokine Release Through the HO-1/CO Pathway in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Inflammation, 2015.

Zhao, S., et al., Therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich solution on aplastic anemia in vivo. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2013. 32(3): p. 549-60.

Wang, W.N., et al., [Regulative effects of hydrogen-rich medium on monocytic adhesion and vascular endothelial permeability]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2013. 93(43): p. 3467-9.

Tsubone, H., et al., Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Hydrogen-rich Water Intake on Serum Oxidative and Anti-oxidative Metabolites in Serum of Thoroughbred Horses. J Equine Sci, 2013. 24(1): p. 1-8.

Li, F.Y., et al., Consumption of hydrogen-rich water protects against ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced nephrotoxicity and early tumor promotional events in rats. Food Chem Toxicol, 2013. 61: p. 248-54.

Ostojić, S.M., et al., Drinks with alkaline negative oxidative reduction potential improve exercise performance in physically active men and women: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of efficacy and safety. Serbian journal of sports sciences, 2011. 5(1-4): p. 83-89.

Yahagi, N., et al., Effect of electrolyzed water on wound healing. Artificial Organs, 2000. 24(12): p. 984-987.

Lee, M.Y., et al., Electrolyzed-reduced water protects against oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, and protein. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2006. 135(2): p. 133-44.

Yanagihara, T., et al., Electrolyzed hydrogen-saturated water for drinking use elicits an antioxidative effect: a feeding test with rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2005. 69(10): p. 1985-7.

Park, E.J., et al., Protective effect of electrolyzed reduced water on the paraquat-induced oxidative damage of human lymphocyte DNA. Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 2005. 48(2): p. 155-160.

Hanaoka, K., et al., The mechanism of the enhanced antioxidant effects against superoxide anion radicals of reduced water produced by electrolysis. Biophysical Chemistry, 2004. 107(1): p. 71-82.

Hanaoka, K., Antioxidant effects of reduced water produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2001. 31(12): p. 1307-1313.

Shirahata, S., et al., Electrolyzed-reduced water scavenges active oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1997. 234(1): p. 269-274.

Kidney

Hosgood, S.A., et al., Hydrogen Gas Does Not Ameliorate Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in a Preclinical Model. Artif Organs, 2018.

Cheng, T.C., et al., Nephroprotective effect of electrolyzed reduced water against cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity and oxidative damage in mice. J Chin Med Assoc, 2018. 81(2): p. 119-126.

Xing, Z., et al., Hydrogen Rich Water Attenuates Renal Injury and Fibrosis by Regulation Transforming Growth Factor-beta Induced Sirt1. Biol Pharm Bull, 2017. 40(5): p. 610-615.

Nakayama, M., et al., Dissolved molecular hydrogen (H2) in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) solutions preserves mesothelial cells and peritoneal membrane integrity. BMC Nephrol, 2017. 18(1): p. 327.

Chen, J., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Alleviates Kidney Fibrosis Following AKI and Retains Klotho Expression. Front Pharmacol, 2017. 8: p. 499.

Li, J., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Promotes the Recovery of Renal Function after Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats via Anti-apoptosis and Anti-inflammation. Front Pharmacol, 2016. 7: p. 106.

Du, H., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation via Activating p53-Mediated Autophagy. Transplantation, 2016. 100(3): p. 563-70.

Terawaki, H., et al., Successful treatment of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis by hemodialysis and peritoneal lavage using dialysate containing dissolved hydrogen. Perit Dial Int, 2015. 35(1): p. 107-12.

Tange, Y., S. Takesawa, and S. Yoshitake, Dialysate with high dissolved hydrogen facilitates dissociation of indoxyl sulfate from albumin. Nephrourol Mon, 2015. 7(2): p. e26847.

Peng, Z., et al., Inhalation of hydrogen gas ameliorates glyoxylate-induced calcium oxalate deposition and renal oxidative stress in mice. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015. 8(3): p. 2680-9.

Homma, K., et al., Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas Is Beneficial for Preventing Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats. Nephron Exp Nephrol, 2015.

Guo, S.X., et al., Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on early acute kidney injury in severely burned rats by suppressing oxidative stress induced apoptosis and inflammation. J Transl Med, 2015. 13: p. 183.

Xin, H.G., et al., Consumption of hydrogen-rich water alleviates renal injury in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem, 2014. 392(1-2): p. 117-24.

Terawaki, H., et al., Effect of a hydrogen (H2)-enriched solution on the albumin redox of hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int, 2014. 18(2): p. 459-66.

Liu, W., et al., A novel fluid resuscitation protocol: provide more protection on acute kidney injury during septic shock in rats. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2014. 7(4): p. 919-26.

Gu, H., et al., Pretreatment with hydrogen-rich saline reduces the damage caused by glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in rats. J Surg Res, 2014. 188(1): p. 243-9.

Zhu, W.J., et al., Amelioration of cardio-renal injury with aging in dahl salt-sensitive rats by H2-enriched electrolyzed water. Med Gas Res, 2013. 3(1): p. 26.

Kato, S., et al., Colloidal platinum in hydrogen-rich water exhibits radical-scavenging activity and improves blood fluidity. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2012. 12(5): p. 4019-27.

Katakura, M., et al., Hydrogen-rich water inhibits glucose and alpha,beta -dicarbonyl compound-induced reactive oxygen species production in the SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat kidney. Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 18.

Abe, T., et al., Hydrogen-rich University of Wisconsin solution attenuates renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transplantation, 2012. 94(1): p. 14-21.

Matsushita, T., et al., Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygenation level-dependent MR imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2011. 10(3): p. 169-76.

Kitamura, A., et al., Experimental verification of protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. British Journal of Radiology, 2010. 83(990): p. 509-514.

Cardinal, J.S., et al., Oral hydrogen water prevents chronic allograft nephropathy in rats. Kidney International, 2010. 77(2): p. 101-9.

Ohaski, Y., et al., Electrolyzed water reduces urinary protein excretion in the streptozotocin induced diabetic Dahl salt sensitive rats. The FASEB Journal, 2008. 22: p. 947.17.

Nakayama, M., et al., Less-oxidative hemodialysis solution rendered by cathode-side application of electrolyzed water. Hemodial Int, 2007. 11(3): p. 322-7.

Liver

Li, H., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects against small-scale liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Life Sci, 2018. 194: p. 7-14.

Ishikawa, T., et al., Post-reperfusion hydrogen gas treatment ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury in rat livers from donors after cardiac death: a preliminary study. Surg Today, 2018.

Chen, M., et al., Hydrogen protects against liver injury during CO2 pneumoperitoneum in rats. Oncotarget, 2018. 9(2): p. 2631-2645.

Zhai, X., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARalpha and PPARgamma. Mol Med Rep, 2017. 15(3): p. 1305-1312.

Wang, D., et al., The protective role of hydrogen-rich saline against liver injury caused by acetaminophen in mice. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2017. 10(8): p. 11646-11654.

Uto, K., et al., Hydrogen Rich Solution Attenuates Cold Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Liver Transplantation. Transplantation, 2017. 101(5S-3): p. S18.

Lin, C.P., et al., Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen-rich water alleviate ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. World J Gastroenterol, 2017. 23(27): p. 4920-4934.

Li, H., et al., Inhalation of high concentrations of hydrogen ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury through A2A receptor mediated PI3K-Akt pathway. Biochem Pharmacol, 2017. 130: p. 83-92.

Iketani, M., et al., Preadministration of Hydrogen-Rich Water Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis and Attenuates Liver Injury. Shock, 2017. 48(1): p. 85-93.

Golshahi, H., et al., Protective effect of intraportal infusion of hypothermic hydrogen-rich saline solution on hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2017. 10(1): p. 10-21.

Shimada, S., et al., Hydrogen Gas Ameliorates Hepatic Reperfusion Injury After Prolonged Cold Preservation in Isolated Perfused Rat Liver. Artif Organs, 2016. 40(12): p. 1128-1136.

Shi, Q., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Acute Hepatic Injury in Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis by Inhibiting Inflammation and Apoptosis, Involving JNK and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-dependent Reactive Oxygen Species. Pancreas, 2016. 45(10): p. 1424-1431.

Liu, Q., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in mice with obstructive jaundice. Mol Med Rep, 2016. 13(4): p. 3588-96.

Zhang, J.Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich water protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. World J Gastroenterol, 2015. 21(14): p. 4195-209.

Zhang, C.B., et al., Hydrogen gas inhalation protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2015. 9(6): p. 2114-2120.

Yu, J., et al., Molecular hydrogen attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of intrahepatic cholangiocytes by activating Nrf2 expression. Toxicol Lett, 2015. 238(3): p. 11-19.

Sobue, S., et al., Simultaneous oral and inhalational intake of molecular hydrogen additively suppresses signaling pathways in rodents. Mol Cell Biochem, 2015. 403(1-2): p. 231-41.

Lee, P.C., et al., Concomitant inhibition of oxidative stress and angiogenesis by chronic hydrogen-rich saline and N-acetylcysteine treatments improves systemic, splanchnic and hepatic hemodynamics of cirrhotic rats. Hepatol Res, 2015. 45(5): p. 578-88.

Tan, Y.C., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates postoperative liver failure after major hepatectomy in rats. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2014. 38(3): p. 337-45.

Matsuno, N., et al., Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas on porcine liver reperfusion injury with use of total vascular exclusion and active venous bypass. Transplant Proc, 2014. 46(4): p. 1104-6.

Liu, Y., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen enriched saline on liver ischemia reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and HMGB1 release. BMC Gastroenterol, 2014. 14: p. 12.

Koyama, Y., et al., Effects of oral intake of hydrogen water on liver fibrogenesis in mice. Hepatol Res, 2014. 44(6): p. 663-677.

Xu, X.F. and J. Zhang, Saturated hydrogen saline attenuates endotoxin-induced acute liver dysfunction in rats. Physiol Res, 2013. 62(4): p. 395-403.

Wang, W., et al., Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2013. 44(1): p. 107-15.

Liu, G.D., et al., Molecular hydrogen regulates the expression of miR-9, miR-21 and miR-199 in LPS-activated retinal microglia cells. Int J Ophthalmol, 2013. 6(3): p. 280-5.

Xiang, L., et al., Inhalation of hydrogen gas reduces liver injury during major hepatotectomy in swine. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2012. 18(37): p. 5197-5204.

Nishimura, N., et al., Pectin and high-amylose maize starch increase caecal hydrogen production and relieve hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Br J Nutr, 2012. 107(4): p. 485-92.

Sun, H., et al., The protective role of hydrogen-rich saline in experimental liver injury in mice. Journal of Hepatology, 2011. 54(3): p. 471-80.

Shen, M.H., et al., Hydrogen as a novel and effective treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Medical Hypotheses, 2010. 75(2): p. 235-237.

Liu, Q., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects against liver injury in rats with obstructive jaundice. Liver International, 2010. 30(7): p. 958-968.

Tsai, C.F., et al., Hepatoprotective effect of electrolyzed reduced water against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol, 2009. 47(8): p. 2031-6.

Park, S.K., et al., Electrolyzed-reduced water inhibits acute ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rats. Biomed Res, 2009. 30(5): p. 263-9.

Kajiya, M., et al., Hydrogen from intestinal bacteria is protective for Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2009. 386(2): p. 316-21.

Itoh, T., et al., Molecular hydrogen suppresses FcepsilonRI-mediated signal transduction and prevents degranulation of mast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2009. 389(4): p. 651-6.

Gharib, B., et al., Anti-inflammatory properties of molecular hydrogen: investigation on parasite-induced liver inflammation. C R Acad Sci III, 2001. 324(8): p. 719-724.

Lung & Organs

Zhang, G., et al., The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Hydrogen on Lung Transplantation Model of Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Cold Storage Period. Transplantation, 2018. 102(8): p. 1253-1261.

Wu, D., et al., Hydrogen protects against hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in type II alveolar epithelial cells via activation of PI3K/Akt/Foxo3a signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018. 495(2): p. 1620-1627.

Lu, W., et al., Hydrogen gas inhalation protects against cigarette smoke-induced COPD development in mice. J Thorac Dis, 2018. 10(6): p. 3232-3243.

Haam, S., et al., Hydrogen gas inhalation during ex vivo lung perfusion of donor lungs recovered after cardiac death. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2018.

Chen, M., et al., Hydrogen protects lung from hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury by reducing hydroxyl radical production and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Sci Rep, 2018. 8(1): p. 8004.

Zhao, C., et al., Changes in IL-4 and IL-13 expression in allergic-rhinitis treated with hydrogen-rich saline in guinea-pig model. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr), 2017.

Yu, S., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates eosinophil activation in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis via reducing oxidative stress. J Inflamm (Lond), 2017. 14: p. 1.

Ying, Y., et al., Protective effect of hydrogen-saturated saline on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in rats. J Orthop Surg Res, 2017. 12(1): p. 134.

Yan, W.M., et al., Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on endotoxin-induced uveitis. Med Gas Res, 2017. 7(1): p. 9-18.

Xiao, L. and N. Miwa, Hydrogen-rich water achieves cytoprotection from oxidative stress injury in human gingival fibroblasts in culture or 3D-tissue equivalents, and wound-healing promotion, together with ROS-scavenging and relief from glutathione diminishment. Hum Cell, 2017. 30(2): p. 72-87.

Wang, K., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline prevents the down regulation of claudin-5 protein in septic rat lung via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2017. 10(8): p. 11717-11727.

Takahashi, M., et al., Immersing lungs in hydrogen-rich saline attenuates lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017. 51(3): p. 442-448.

Suzuki, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in SMP30 knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017. 492(1): p. 74-81.

Liu, Z., et al., Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Adhesion Bands Formation in Mice. Med Sci Monit, 2017. 23: p. 5363-5373.

Liu, X., et al., Hydrogen coadministration slows the development of COPD-like lung disease in a cigarette smoke-induced rat model. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2017. 12: p. 1309-1324.

Li, Q., Y. Tanaka, and N. Miwa, Influence of hydrogen-occluding-silica on migration and apoptosis in human esophageal cells in vitro. Med Gas Res, 2017. 7(2): p. 76-85.

Kim, J., H.J. Lee, and S.H. Hong, Inhibition of streptococcal biofilm by hydrogen water. J Dent, 2017. 58: p. 34-39.

He, Y., et al., Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Endometriosis in Rats. Reprod Sci, 2017. 24(2): p. 324-331.

Ge, L., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates spinal cord hemisection-induced testicular injury in rats. Oncotarget, 2017. 8(26): p. 42314-42331.

Dong, W.W., et al., Protective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Alveolar Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Med Sci Monit, 2017. 23: p. 2357-2364.

Audi, S.H., et al., Protection by Inhaled Hydrogen Therapy in a Rat Model of Acute Lung Injury can be Tracked in vivo Using Molecular Imaging. Shock, 2017. 48(4): p. 467-476.

Ushida, T., et al., Molecular hydrogen ameliorates several characteristics of preeclampsia in the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rat model. Free Radic Biol Med, 2016. 101: p. 524-533.

Tao, B., et al., Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on aquaporin 1, 5 in septic rat lungs. J Surg Res, 2016. 202(2): p. 291-8.

Muramatsu, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich water ameliorates bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in newborn rats. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2016. 51(9): p. 928-35.

Miyazaki, N., et al., Preventive Effect of Hydrogen Water on the Development of Detrusor Overactivity in a Rat Model of Bladder Outlet Obstruction. J Urol, 2016. 195(3): p. 780-7.

Meng, C., et al., Protection of donor lung inflation in the setting of cold ischemia against ischemia-reperfusion injury with carbon monoxide, hydrogen, or both in rats. Life Sci, 2016. 151: p. 199-206.

Huang, S.L., J. Jiao, and H.W. Yan, Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates steroid-associated femoral head necrosis through inhibition of oxidative stress in a rabbit model. Exp Ther Med, 2016. 11(1): p. 177-182.

Hong, Y., et al., Combination therapy of molecular hydrogen and hyperoxia improves survival rate and organ damage in a zymosan-induced generalized inflammation model. Exp Ther Med, 2016. 11(6): p. 2590-2596.

He, X., et al., Hydrogen-rich Water Exerting a Protective Effect on Ovarian Reserve Function in a Mouse Model of Immune Premature Ovarian Failure Induced by Zona Pellucida Chin Med J (Engl), 2016. 129(19): p. 2331-7.

Hara, F., et al., Molecular Hydrogen Alleviates Cellular Senescence in Endothelial Cells. Circ J, 2016.

Diao, M., et al., Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Attenuates Seawater Instillation-Induced Acute Lung Injury via the Nrf2 Pathway in Rabbits. Inflammation, 2016.

Chen, S., W. Jiang, and X.H. Wang, Protective Effect of Hydrogen Injected Subcutaneously on Testicular Tissues of Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke. West Indian Med J, 2016.

Chen, L., et al., Re: Preventive Effect of Hydrogen Water on the Development of Detrusor Overactivity in a Rat Model of Bladder Outlet Obstruction: N. Miyazaki, O. Yamaguchi, M. Nomiya, K. Aikawa and J. Kimura J Urol 2016;195:780-787. J Urol, 2016. 196(2): p. 620-1.

Zhang, Y., Y. Liu, and J. Zhang, Saturated hydrogen saline attenuates endotoxin-induced lung dysfunction. J Surg Res, 2015. 198(1): p. 41-9.

Zhai, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates lung injury associated with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in rats. Exp Mol Pathol, 2015. 98(2): p. 268-276.

Yuan, L., et al., Administration of hydrogen-rich saline in mice with allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Med Sci Monit, 2015. 21: p. 749-54.

Wu, Q., et al., Hydrogen water alleviates lung injury induced by one-lung ventilation. J Surg Res, 2015.

Sato, C., et al., Effects of hydrogen water on paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The Kitasato medical journal 2015. 45(1): p. 9-16.

Nakata, K., et al., Stimulation of human damaged sperm motility with hydrogen molecule. Med Gas Res, 2015. 5(1): p. 2.

Liu, R., et al., Lung inflation with hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase decreases lung graft injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2015.

Liu, H., et al., Combination therapy with nitric oxide and molecular hydrogen in a murine model of acute lung injury. Shock, 2015. 43(5): p. 504-11.

Kishimoto, Y., et al., Hydrogen ameliorates pulmonary hypertension in rats by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015. 150(3): p. 645-654 e3.

Hattori, Y., et al., Maternal molecular hydrogen treatment attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced rat fetal lung injury. Free Radic Res, 2015. 49(8): p. 1026-37.

Haam, S., et al., The effects of hydrogen gas inhalation during ex vivo lung perfusion on donor lungs obtained after cardiac death. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015. 48(4): p. 542-7.

Guan, Z., et al., Effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and molecular hydrogen on the placental function in trophoblast cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2015.

Chen, X., et al., Protective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Rats with Smoke Inhalation Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2015. 2015: p. 106836.

Chen, S. and W. Jiang, Effect of hydrogen injected subcutaneously on testicular tissues of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015. 8(4): p. 5565-70.

Zhang, J., et al., Effect of hydrogen-rich water on acute peritonitis of rat models. Int Immunopharmacol, 2014. 21(1): p. 94-101.

Tomofuji, T., et al., Effects of hydrogen-rich water on aging periodontal tissues in rats. Sci Rep, 2014. 4: p. 5534.

Noda, K., et al., Hydrogen Preconditioning During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Improves the Quality of Lung Grafts in Rats. Transplantation 2014.

Li, S., et al., Long-term treatment of hydrogen-rich saline abates testicular oxidative stress induced by nicotine in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2014. 31(1): p. 109-14.

Du, Z., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. Journal of Surgical Research, 2014. In press.

Xiao, M., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline reduces airway remodeling via inactivation of NF-kappaB in a murine model of asthma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2013. 17(8): p. 1033-43.

Ning, Y., et al., Attenuation of cigarette smoke-induced airway mucus production by hydrogen-rich saline in rats. PLoS One, 2013. 8(12): p. e83429.

Liu, W., et al., Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation attenuates lung and intestine injury. World J Gastroenterol, 2013. 19(4): p. 492-502.

Kawamura, T., et al., Hydrogen gas reduces hyperoxic lung injury via the Nrf2 pathway in vivo. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2013. 304(10): p. L646-56.

Xie, K., et al., Molecular hydrogen ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through reducing inflammation and apoptosis. Shock, 2012. 37(5): p. 548-55.

Tanaka, Y., et al., Profiling molecular changes induced by hydrogen treatment of lung allografts prior to procurement. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2012. 425(4): p. 873-9.

Shi, J., et al., Hydrogen saline is protective for acute lung ischaemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. Heart Lung Circ, 2012. 21(9): p. 556-63.

Liang, C., et al., [Effect of hydrogen inhalation on p38 MAPK activation in rats with lipopolysaccharide- induced acute lung injury]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 2012. 32(8): p. 1211-3.

Terasaki, Y., et al., Hydrogen therapy attenuates irradiation-induced lung damage by reducing oxidative stress. American Journal of Physiology – Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2011. 301(4): p. L415-26.

Sun, Q.A., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Provides Protection Against Hyperoxic Lung Injury. Journal of Surgical Research, 2011. 165(1): p. E43-E49.

Qiu, X., et al., Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol, 2011. 11(12): p. 2130-7.

Liu, S.L., et al., Hydrogen Therapy may be a Novel and Effective Treatment for COPD. Front Pharmacol, 2011. 2: p. 19.

Liu, S., et al., Consumption of hydrogen water reduces paraquat-induced acute lung injury in rats. Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology, 2011. 2011: p. 305086.

Huang, C.S., et al., Hydrogen inhalation reduced epithelial apoptosis in ventilator-induced lung injury via a mechanism involving nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2011. 408(2): p. 253-8.

Fang, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects against acute lung injury induced by extensive burn in rat model. Journal of Burn Care and Research, 2011. 32(3): p. e82-91.

Zheng, J., et al., Saturated hydrogen saline protects the lung against oxygen toxicity. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine, 2010. 37(3): p. 185-192.

Qiu, X.C., et al., [Effect of hydrogen-rich saline on blood pressure and antioxidant ability of lung tissue in scalded rats following delayed resuscitation]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi, 2010. 26(6): p. 435-8.

Huang, C.S., et al., Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates ventilator-induced lung injury. Critical Care, 2010. 14(6): p. R234.

Metabolic Syndrome

Zhang, X., et al., Subcutaneous injection of hydrogen gas is a novel effective treatment for type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig, 2018. 9(1): p. 83-90.

Hou, C., et al., Coral calcium hydride prevents hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-induced obese rats: A potent mitochondrial nutrient and phase II enzyme inducer. Biochem Pharmacol, 2016. 103: p. 85-97.

Zong, C., et al., Cigarette smoke exposure impairs reverse cholesterol transport which can be minimized by treatment of hydrogen-saturated saline. Lipids Health Dis, 2015. 14: p. 159.

Jiang, H., et al., Hydrogen-rich medium suppresses the generation of reactive oxygen species, elevates the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis. Int J Mol Med, 2013. 31(6): p. 1381-7.

Iio, A., et al., Molecular hydrogen attenuates fatty acid uptake and lipid accumulation through downregulating CD36 expression in HepG2 cells. Medical Gas Research, 2013. 3(1): p. 6.

Ignacio, R.M., et al., Anti-obesity effect of alkaline reduced water in high fat-fed obese mice. Biol Pharm Bull, 2013. 36(7): p. 1052-9.

He, B., et al., Protection of oral hydrogen water as an antioxidant on pulmonary hypertension. Mol Biol Rep, 2013. 40(9): p. 5513-21.

Fan, M., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline against erectile dysfunction in a streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model. Journal of Urology, 2013. 190(1): p. 350-6.

Chen, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and inactivating the Ras-ERK1/2-MEK1/2 and Akt pathways. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2013. 31(3): p. 597-606.

Baek, D.-H., Antibacterial Activity of Hydrogen-rich Water Against Oral Bacteria.

Amitani, H., et al., Hydrogen Improves Glycemic Control in Type1 Diabetic Animal Model by Promoting Glucose Uptake into Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One, 2013. 8(1).

Zong, C., et al., Administration of hydrogen-saturated saline decreases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and improves high-density lipoprotein function in high-fat diet-fed hamsters. Metabolism, 2012. 61(6): p. 794-800.

Zheng, H. and Y.S. Yu, Chronic hydrogen-rich saline treatment attenuates vascular dysfunction in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2012. 83(9): p. 1269-77.

Yu, Y.S. and H. Zheng, Chronic hydrogen-rich saline treatment reduces oxidative stress and attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem, 2012. 365(1-2): p. 233-42.

Wang, Q.J., et al., Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012. 125(9): p. 1633-7.

Tanabe, H., et al., Suppressive Effect of High Hydrogen Generating High Amylose Cornstarch on Subacute Hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats. Biosci Microbiota Food Health, 2012. 31(4): p. 103-8.

Song, G., et al., Hydrogen decreases athero-susceptibility in apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and aorta of apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis, 2012. 221(1): p. 55-65.

Nishioka, S., et al., Effect of hydrogen gas inhalation on lipid metabolism and left ventricular remodeling induced by intermittent hypoxia in mice. European Heart Journal, 2012. 33: p. 794-794.

Kawai, D., et al., Hydrogen-rich water prevents progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and accompanying hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Hepatology, 2012. 56(3): p. 912-21.

Ekuni, D., et al., Hydrogen-rich water prevents lipid deposition in the descending aorta in a rat periodontitis model. Arch Oral Biol, 2012. 57(12): p. 1615-22.

Yu, P., et al., Hydrogen-rich medium protects human skin fibroblasts from high glucose or mannitol induced oxidative damage. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2011. 409(2): p. 350-5.

Yang, X., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in preeclampsia rat model. Placenta, 2011. 32(9): p. 681-6.

Wang, Y., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in a rat model. Respir Res, 2011. 12: p. 26.

Song, G., et al., H2 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 expression by inhibiting nuclear factor kappaB activation in endothelial cells. Biotechnology Letters, 2011. 33(9): p. 1715-22.

Shirahata, S., et al., Anti-diabetes effect of water containing hydrogen molecule and Pt nanoparticles. BMC Proc, 2011. 5 Suppl 8: p. P18.

Nakai, Y., et al., Hepatic oxidoreduction-related genes are upregulated by administration of hydrogen-saturated drinking water. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2011. 75(4): p. 774-6.

Li, Y., et al., Suppressive effects of electrolyzed reduced water on alloxan-induced apoptosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cytotechnology, 2011. 63(2): p. 119-31.

Kamimura, N., et al., Molecular Hydrogen Improves Obesity and Diabetes by Inducing Hepatic FGF21 and Stimulating Energy Metabolism in db/db Mice. Obesity, 2011.

Hashimoto, M., et al., Effects of hydrogen-rich water on abnormalities in a SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat – a metabolic syndrome rat model. Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1(1): p. 26.

Chen, C.H., et al., Hydrogen Gas Reduced Acute Hyperglycemia-Enhanced Hemorrhagic Transformation in a Focal Ischemia Rat Model. Neuroscience, 2010. 169(1): p. 402-414.

Abe, M., et al., Suppressive Effect of ERW on Lipid Peroxidation and Plasma Triglyceride Level, in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, S. Netherlands, Editor. 2010. p. 315-321.

Chao, Y.C. and M.T. Chiang, Effect of alkaline reduced water on erythrocyte oxidative status and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, 2009. 47(2): p. 71-72.

Ohsawa, I., et al., Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apoliporotein E knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008. 377(4): p. 1195-8.

Kim, M.J., et al., Preservative effect of electrolyzed reduced water on pancreatic beta-cell mass in diabetic db/db mice. Biol Pharm Bull, 2007. 30(2): p. 234-6.

Yeunhwa GU, K.O., Taigo FUj, Yuka ITOKAWA, et al., Anti Type 2 Diabetic Effect and Anti-oxidation Effect in Active Hydrogen Water Administration KK-Ay Mice. Medicine and Biology, 2006. 150(11): p. 384-392.

Kim, M.J. and H.K. Kim, Anti-diabetic effects of electrolyzed reduced water in streptozotocin-induced and genetic diabetic mice. Life Sci, 2006. 79(24): p. 2288-92.

Jin, D., et al., Anti-diabetic effect of alkaline-reduced water on OLETF rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2006. 70(1): p. 31-7.

GU, H.Y., et al., Anti-oxidation Effect and Anti Type 2 Diabetic Effect in Active Hydrogen Water Medicine and Biology, 2006. 150(11): p. 384-392.

Dan, J., et al., Effect of mineral induced alkaline reduced water on sprague-dawley rats fed on a high fat diet. Exp. Biomed. Sci., 2006. 12: p. 1-7.

Li, Y.-P., Teruya, K., Katakura, Y., Kabayama, S., Otsubo, K.,Morisawa, S., et al, Effect of reduced water on the apoptotic cell death triggered by oxidative stress in pancreatic b HIT-T15 cell. Animal cell technology meets genomics, 2005: p. 121-124.

Hamaskai, T., et al., The suppressive effect of electrolyzed reduced water on lipid peroxidation. Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 2003. 13: p. 381-385.

Chiasson, J.L., et al., Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial. JAMA, 2003. 290(4): p. 486-94.

Li, Y., et al., Protective mechanism of reduced water against alloxan-induced pancreatic beta-cell damage: Scavenging effect against reactive oxygen species. Cytotechnology, 2002. 40(1-3): p. 139-49.

Oda, M., et al., Electrolyzed and natural reduced water exhibit insulin-like activity on glucose uptake into muscle cells and adipocytes. Animal Cell Technology: Products from Cells, Cells as Products, 2000: p. 425-427.

Nelson, D., et al., Effect of electrolyzed water intake on lifespan of autoimmune disease prone mice. Faseb Journal, 1998. 12(5): p. A794-A794.

Yokoyama, J.-m.K.a.K., Effects of alkaline ionized water on spontaneously diabetic GK-rats fed sucrose. J. of Lab. Anim Sa, 1997. 13(2): p. 187-190.

Pain

Chen, Y., et al., H Treatment Attenuated Pain Behavior and Cytokine Release Through the HO-1/CO Pathway in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Inflammation, 2015.

Chen, Q., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuated neuropathic pain by reducing oxidative stress. Can J Neurol Sci, 2013. 40(6): p. 857-63.

Ge, Y., et al., Intrathecal Infusion of Hydrogen-Rich Normal Saline Attenuates Neuropathic Pain via Inhibition of Activation of Spinal Astrocytes and Microglia in Rats. PLoS One, 2014. 9(5): p. e97436.

Kawaguchi, M., et al., Molecular hydrogen attenuates neuropathic pain in mice. PLoS One, 2014. 9(6): p. e100352.

Sepsis, Gastritis & Intestines

Zheng, W., et al., Intestinal Microbiota Ecological Response to Oral Administrations of Hydrogen-Rich Water and Lactulose in Female Piglets Fed a Fusarium Toxin-Contaminated Diet. Toxins (Basel), 2018. 10(6).

Xiao, H.W., et al., Hydrogen-water ameliorates radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity via MyD88’s effects on the gut microbiota. Exp Mol Med, 2018. 50(1): p. e433.

Nishimura, N., et al., Transplantation of High Hydrogen-Producing Microbiota Leads to Generation of Large Amounts of Colonic Hydrogen in Recipient Rats Fed High Amylose Maize Starch. Nutrients, 2018. 10(2).

Nakano, T., et al., Effect of molecular hydrogen on uterine inflammation during preterm labour. Biomed Rep, 2018. 8(5): p. 454-460.

Higashimura, Y., et al., Effects of molecular hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water on intestinal environment in mice. Med Gas Res, 2018. 8(1): p. 6-11.

Franceschelli, S., et al., Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux disease with the addition of rich water molecular hydrogen: A new biological vision. J Cell Mol Med, 2018. 22(5): p. 2750-2759.

Wu, M.J., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen rich water on the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury due to intestinal intussusception in a rat model. Med Gas Res, 2017. 7(2): p. 101-106.

Shen, N.Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich water protects against in fl ammatory bowel disease in mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting heme oxygenase-1 expression. World J Gastroenterol, 2017. 23(8): p. 1375-1386.

Zheng, Y. and D. Zhu, Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Ameliorates Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016. 2016: p. 5806057.

Liu, L.D., et al., Protective effect and mechanism of hydrogen treatment on lung epithelial barrier dysfunction in rats with sepsis. Genet Mol Res, 2016. 15(1).

Tao, B., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Heart Dysfunction by Restoring Fatty Acid Oxidation in Rats by Mitigating C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation. Shock, 2015. 44(6): p. 593-600.

Shigeta, T., et al., Luminal injection of hydrogen-rich solution attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation, 2015. 99(3): p. 500-7.

Chen, H., et al., Molecular hydrogen protects mice against polymicrobial sepsis by ameliorating endothelial dysfunction via an Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol, 2015. 28(1): p. 643-54.

Zhang, J.Y., et al., Protective role of hydrogen-rich water on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. World J Gastroenterol, 2014. 20(6): p. 1614-22.

Xue, J., et al., Dose-dependent inhibition of gastric injury by hydrogen in alkaline electrolyzed drinking water. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014. 14(1): p. 81.

Xie, K., et al., Hydrogen gas presents a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis. Biomed Res Int, 2014. 2014: p. 807635.

Sheng, Q., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats. J Pediatr Surg, 2013. 48(8): p. 1697-706.

Nishimura, N., et al., Colonic hydrogen generated from fructan diffuses into the abdominal cavity and reduces adipose mRNA abundance of cytokines in rats. J Nutr, 2013. 143(12): p. 1943-9.

Li, G.M., et al., Effects of hydrogen-rich saline treatment on polymicrobial sepsis. Journal of Surgical Research, 2013. 181(2): p. 279-86.

He, J., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on ulcerative colitis rat model. Journal of Surgical Research, 2013(0).

Chen, H.G., et al., Heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of molecular hydrogen in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Surg, 2013. 11(10): p. 1060-6.

Xie, K., et al., Nrf2 is critical in the protective role of hydrogen gas against murine polymicrobial sepsis. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2012. 108(3): p. 538-539.

Xie, K., et al., Combination therapy with molecular hydrogen and hyperoxia in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. Shock, 2012. 38(6): p. 656-63.

Liu, X., et al., The protective of hydrogen on stress-induced gastric ulceration. Int Immunopharmacol, 2012. 13(2): p. 197-203.

Jin, Y., et al., Hydrogen May Be Used as a Treatment for Stress-Induced Gastric Ulceration. Hypotheses Res, 2011. 7: p. 43-47.

Buchholz, B.M., et al., Hydrogen-enriched preservation protects the isogeneic intestinal graft and amends recipient gastric function during transplantation. Transplantation, 2011. 92(9): p. 985-92.

Xie, K.L., et al., Protective effects of hydrogen gas on murine polymicrobial sepsis via reducing oxidative stress and HMGB1 release. Shock, 2010. 34(1): p. 90-97.

Xie, K.L., et al., [Effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on serum high mobility group box 1 levels in severe septic mice]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 2010. 39(5): p. 454-7.

Kajiya, M., et al., Hydrogen mediates suppression of colon inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2009: p. in press.

Anami, S., K. Saegusa, and M. Nishikata, Effect of glutamine or alkaline ionized water on late diarrhea induced by irinotecan hydrochloride in Gunn rats. . Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009. 4(2): p. 96-105.

Jin, D.K., Dong-Heui ; Teng, Yung-Chien ; Xufeng, Qi ; Lee, Kyu-Jae The Effect of Mineral-induced Alkaline Reduced Water on the DSS-induced Acute inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model. Korean Journal of Microscopy, 2008. 38(2): p. 81-87.

Buchholz, B.M., et al., Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant, 2008. 8(10): p. 2015-2024.

Vorobjeva, N.V., Selective stimulation of the growth of anaerobic microflora in the human intestinal tract by electrolyzed reducing water. Med Hypotheses, 2005. 64(3): p. 543-6.

Naito, Y., et al., Chronic administration with electrolyzed alkaline water inhibits aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2002. 32: p. 69-81.

Skin & Radiation

Zhang, B., et al., Hydrogen ameliorates oxidative stress via PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Int J Mol Med, 2018. 41(6): p. 3653-3661.

Tanaka, Y., Y. Saitoh, and N. Miwa, Electrolytically generated hydrogen warm water cleanses the keratin-plug-clogged hair-pores and promotes the capillary blood-streams, more markedly than normal warm water does. Med Gas Res, 2018. 8(1): p. 12-18.

Li, Q., Y. Tanaka, and N. Miwa, Effects of hydrogen-occluding-silica microparticles on wound repair and cell migratory behavior of normal human esophageal epitheliocytes. . Medical Gas Research, 2018. 8(2): p. 57.

Fang, W., et al., Hydrogen gas inhalation protects against cutaneous ischaemia/reperfusion injury in a mouse model of pressure ulcer. J Cell Mol Med, 2018.

Zhang, J., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Water Ameliorates Total Body Irradiation-Induced Hematopoietic Stem Cell Injury by Reducing Hydroxyl Radical. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017. 2017: p. 8241678.

Yan, W.M., et al., The reason for the amelioration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced retinitis pigmentosa in rats by hydrogen-rich saline. Int J Ophthalmol, 2017. 10(10): p. 1495-1503.

Wu, C.Y., et al., Hydrogen gas protects IP3Rs by reducing disulfide bridges in human keratinocytes under oxidative stress. Sci Rep, 2017. 7(1): p. 3606.

Tamaki, N., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Water Intake Accelerates Oral Palatal Wound Healing via Activation of the Nrf2/Antioxidant Defense Pathways in a Rat Model. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016. 2016: p. 5679040.

Sawajiri, M., et al., Drinking high-energy electrolytic water decreases internal radiation exposure caused by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power plant disaster Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, 2016. 31(2): p. 173-178.

Guo, J., et al., Protective Effects of Hydrogen against Low-Dose Long-Term Radiation-Induced Damage to the Behavioral Performances, Hematopoietic System, Genital System, and Splenic Lymphocytes in Mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016. 2016: p. 1947819.

Abou-Hamdan, M., et al., Molecular hydrogen attenuates radiation-induced nucleobase damage to DNA in aerated aqueous solutions. Int J Radiat Biol, 2016. 92(9): p. 536-41.

Xiao, Y.D., et al., Synergistic effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning and hydrogen-rich saline in ameliorating rat flap ischemia/reperfusion injury. Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 2015. 2(6): p. 332.

Wang, X., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline resuscitation alleviates inflammation induced by severe burn with delayed resuscitation. Burns, 2015. 41(2): p. 379-85.

Liu, Y.Q., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates skin ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis via regulating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and ASK-1/JNK pathway. Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2015.

Ishibashi, T., et al., Improvement of psoriasis-associated arthritis and skin lesions by treatment with molecular hydrogen: A report of three cases. Mol Med Rep, 2015. 12(2): p. 2757-64.

Guo, S.X., et al., Beneficial effects of hydrogen-rich saline on early burn-wound progression in rats. PLoS One, 2015. 10(4): p. e0124897.

Zhao, S., et al., Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline against radiation-induced immune dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med, 2014. 18(5): p. 938-46.

Yoon, Y.S., et al., Positive Effects of hydrogen water on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Biol Pharm Bull, 2014. 37(9): p. 1480-5.

Mei, K., et al., Hydrogen protects rats from dermatitis caused by local radiation. J Dermatolog Treat, 2014. 25(2): p. 182-8.

Yu, W.T., et al., Hydrogen-enriched water restoration of impaired calcium propagation by arsenic in primary keratinocytes. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013. 77: p. 342-348.

Yang, Y., et al., Molecular hydrogen protects human lymphocyte AHH-1 cells against C heavy ion radiation. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2013.

Jiang, Z., et al., Protection by hydrogen against gamma ray-induced testicular damage in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2013. 112(3): p. 186-91.

Ignacio, R.M., et al., The balneotherapy effect of hydrogen reduced water on UVB-mediated skin injury in hairless mice. Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 2013. 9(1): p. 15-21.

Ignacio, R.M., et al., The Drinking Effect of Hydrogen Water on Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Dermatophagoides farinae Allergen in NC/Nga Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013. 2013: p. 538673.

Yang, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects immunocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis. Med Sci Monit, 2012. 18(4): p. BR144-8.

Wei, L., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects retina against glutamate-induced excitotoxic injury in guinea pig. Experimental Eye Research, 2012. 94(1): p. 117-27.

Kato, S., et al., Hydrogen-rich electrolyzed warm water represses wrinkle formation against UVA ray together with type-I collagen production and oxidative-stress diminishment in fibroblasts and cell-injury prevention in keratinocytes. J Photochem Photobiol B, 2012. 106: p. 24-33.

Guo, Z., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects against ultraviolet B radiation injury in rats. J Biomed Res, 2012. 26(5): p. 365-71.

Chuai, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline protects spermatogenesis and hematopoiesis in irradiated BALB/c mice. Med Sci Monit, 2012. 18(3): p. BR89-94.

Chuai, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates radiation-induced male germ cell loss in mice through reducing hydroxyl radicals. Biochemical Journal, 2012. 442(1): p. 49-56.

Zhao, L., et al., Hydrogen protects mice from radiation induced thymic lymphoma in BALB/c mice. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2011. 7(3): p. 297-300.

Yoon, K.S., et al., Histological study on the effect of electrolyzed reduced water-bathing on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in hairless mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2011. 34(11): p. 1671-7.

Qian, L.R., et al., Hydrogen-rich PBS protects cultured human cells from ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage. Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, 2010. 25(1): p. 23-29.

Qian, L.R., et al., Radioprotective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice. Free Radic Res, 2010. 44(3): p. 275-282.

Spine & Pancreas

Chen, X., et al., Inhalation of Hydrogen of Different Concentrations Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Protecting Spinal Cord Neurons from Apoptosis, Oxidative Injury and Mitochondrial Structure Damages. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2018. 47(1): p. 176-190.

Chen, L., et al., Hydrogen Treatment Protects Mice Against Chronic Pancreatitis by Restoring Regulatory T Cells Loss. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2017. 44(5): p. 2005-2016.

Zhou, H.X., et al., Protective Effects of Hydrogen Gas on Experimental Acute Pancreatitis. PLoS One, 2016. 11(4): p. e0154483.

Han, B., et al., MAPKs and Hsc70 are critical to the protective effect of molecular hydrogen during the early phase of acute pancreatitis. FEBS J, 2016. 283(4): p. 738-56.

Wang, J.L., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline injection into the subarachnoid cavity within 2 weeks promotes recovery after acute spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res, 2015. 10(6): p. 958-64.

Shu, R.C., et al., Spinal peroxynitrite contributes to remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via enhancement of divalent metal transporter 1 without iron-responsive element-mediated iron accumulation in rats. Anesthesiology, 2015. 122(4): p. 908-20.

Shi, Q., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates acute renal injury in sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis by inhibiting ROS and NF-kappaB pathway. Mediators Inflamm, 2015. 2015: p. 685043.

Luo, Z.L., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Grafts after Pancreas Transplantations by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Rats. Mediators Inflamm, 2015. 2015: p. 281985.

Ren, J.D., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuates experimental acute pancreatitis in mice. Mediators Inflamm, 2014. 2014: p. 930894.

Zhang, D.Q., H. Feng, and W.C. Chen, Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rat. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013. 2013: p. 731932.

Zhang, D.Q. and J.H. Zhu, [Experimental studies of effects of hydrogen-rich saline in rats with severe acute pancreatitis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2012. 92(34): p. 2436-40.

Ren, J., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline reduces the oxidative stress and relieves the severity of trauma-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2012. 72(6): p. 1555-61.

Chen, H., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the severity of L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2010. 393(2): p. 308-313.

Chen, C.W., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline Protects Against Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Neurochemical Research, 2010. 35(7): p. 1111-1118.

H2 Reviewed Articles

Zhang, Y., et al., Hydrogen Therapy in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: from Bench to Bedside. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2018. 47(1): p. 1-10.

Sano, M., et al., Promising novel therapy with hydrogen gas for emergency and critical care medicine. Acute Med Surg, 2018. 5(2): p. 113-118.

Yoritaka, A., et al., Erratum to: A randomized double-blind multi-center trial of hydrogen water for Parkinson’s disease: protocol and baseline characteristics. BMC Neurol, 2017. 17(1): p. 35.

Ostojic, S.M., Non-gut microbiota as a source of bioactive hydrogen. Postgrad Med J, 2017. 93(1097): p. 170.

Ostojic, S.M., Does H2 Alter Mitochondrial Bioenergetics via GHS-R1alpha Activation? Theranostics, 2017. 7(5): p. 1330-1332.

Nakayama, M., et al., Possible clinical effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) delivery during hemodialysis in chronic dialysis patients: Interim analysis in a 12 month observation. PLoS One, 2017. 12(9): p. e0184535.

Li, Q., et al., Fundamental Insight into the Methodology of Hydrogen Water in Biological Studies. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2017. 17(7): p. 5134-5138.

Li, H.M., et al., The transfer of hydrogen from inert gas to therapeutic gas. Med Gas Res, 2017. 7(4): p. 265-272.

Li, F., et al., Potential protective role of hydrogen against cisplatininduced side effects during chemotherapy: A mini-review of a novel hypothesis for antagonism of hydrogen. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017. 16(11): p. 2773-2776.

Iketani, M. and I. Ohsawa, Molecular Hydrogen as a Neuroprotective Agent. Curr Neuropharmacol, 2017. 15(2): p. 324-331.

Ge, L., et al., Molecular hydrogen: a preventive and therapeutic medical gas for various diseases. Oncotarget, 2017. 8(60): p. 102653-102673.

Dohi, K., et al., Molecular hydrogen in the treatment of acute and chronic neurological conditions: mechanisms of protection and routes of administration. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2017. 61(1): p. 1-5.

Asfandiarov, N.L., et al., Dissociative electron attachment to some spinochromes: Fragment anion formation. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2017. 412: p. 26-37.

Ara, J., et al., Potential therapeutic effect of alkaline reduced water in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Med Hypotheses, 2017. 104: p. 36-39.

Yuan, L. and J. Shen, Hydrogen, a potential safeguard for graft-versus-host disease and graft ischemia-reperfusion injury? Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2016. 71(9): p. 544-9.

Yoritaka, A., et al., A randomized double-blind multi-center trial of hydrogen water for Parkinson’s disease: protocol and baseline characteristics. BMC Neurol, 2016. 16: p. 66.

Tao, Y., et al., The potential utilizations of hydrogen as a promising therapeutic strategy against ocular diseases. Ther Clin Risk Manag, 2016. 12: p. 799-806.

Tao, Y., et al., Use of Hydrogen as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against Photoreceptor Degeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients. Med Sci Monit, 2016. 22: p. 776-9.

Slezak, J., et al., Preventive and therapeutic application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals. Physiol Res, 2016. 65 Suppl 1: p. S11-28.

Qin, L., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Saline as an Innovative Therapy for Cataract: A Hypothesis. Med Sci Monit, 2016. 22: p. 3191-5.

Ostojic, S.M. and A. Vojvodic-Ostojic, Is melanin a source of bioactive molecular hydrogen? Pharmacol Res, 2016. 103: p. 177-9.

Nicolson, G.L., et al., Clinical Effects of Hydrogen Administration: From Animal and Human Diseases to Exercise Medicine. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2016. 7(1).

Nakayama, M., S. Kabayama, and S. Ito, The hydrogen molecule as antioxidant therapy: clinical application in hemodialysis and perspectives. Renal Replacement Therapy, 2016. 2(1): p. 23.

Liu, C.L., K. Zhang, and G. Chen, Hydrogen therapy: from mechanism to cerebral diseases. Med Gas Res, 2016. 6(1): p. 48-54.

Iida, A., et al., The Clinical Application of Hydrogen as a Medical Treatment. Acta Med Okayama, 2016. 70(5): p. 331-337.

Huang, L., Molecular hydrogen: a therapeutic antioxidant and beyond. Med Gas Res, 2016. 6(4): p. 219-222.

Fan, D.F., et al., Oral administration of lactulose: a novel therapy for acute carbon monoxide poisoning via increasing intestinal hydrogen production. Undersea Hyperb Med, 2016. 43(1): p. 45-8.

Chen, O., Z.-h. Y., and C. Li., Meeting report: Second Hydrogen Molecule Biomedical Symposium in Beijing, China. Medical Gas Research, 2016. 6(1): p. 57.

Camara, R., L. Huang, and J.H. Zhang, The production of high dose hydrogen gas by the AMS-H-01 for treatment of disease. Med Gas Res, 2016. 6(3): p. 164-166.

Zhai, X., A. Nakao, and X. Sun, Detection Techniques for Hydrogen. Hydrogen Molecular Biology and Medicine. 2015: Springer Netherlands.

Shi, Q.H., et al., Hydrogen Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress-associated Risks Following Acute and Chronic Exposure to High-altitude Environment. Biomed Environ Sci, 2015. 28(3): p. 239-41.

Qian, L., J. Shen, and X. Sun, Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen on Different Diseases. Hydrogen Molecular Biology and Medicine. 2015: Springer Netherlands. 81-97.

Qian, L., J. Shen, and X. Sun, Methods of Hydrogen Application. Hydrogen Molecular Biology and Medicine. 2015: Springer Netherlands.

Pshenichnyuk, S.A. and A.S. Komolov, Dissociative Electron Attachment to Resveratrol as a Likely Pathway for Generation of the H2 Antioxidant Species Inside Mitochondria. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2015. 6(7): p. 1104-1110.

Pshenichnyuk, S.A., et al., Low-energy electron interaction with retusin extracted from Maackia amurensis: towards a molecular mechanism of the biological activity of flavonoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2015. 17(26): p. 16805-12.

Ostojic, S.M., Molecular hydrogen in sports medicine: new therapeutic perspectives. Int J Sports Med, 2015. 36(4): p. 273-9.

Ostojic, S.M., Molecular hydrogen: An inert gas turns clinically effective. Ann Med, 2015: p. 1-4.

Ostojic, S.M., Eumelanin-driven production of molecular hydrogen: A novel element of skin defense? Med Hypotheses, 2015.

Ostojic, S.M., Targeting molecular hydrogen to mitochondria: Barriers and gateways. Pharmacol Res, 2015. 94: p. 51-3.

Ohta, S., Molecular hydrogen as a novel antioxidant: overview of the advantages of hydrogen for medical applications. Methods Enzymol, 2015. 555: p. 289-317.

McCarty, M.F., Potential ghrelin-mediated benefits and risks of hydrogen water. Med Hypotheses, 2015. 84(4): p. 350-5.

Liu, W., X. Sun, and S. Ohta, Hydrogen Element and Hydrogen Gas. Hydrogen Molecular Biology and Medicine. 2015: Springer Netherlands.

Kurokawa, R., et al., Convenient methods for ingestion of molecular hydrogen: drinking, injection, and inhalation. Med Gas Res, 2015. 5: p. 13.

Ichihara, M., et al., Beneficial biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of molecular hydrogen – comprehensive review of 321 original articles. Med Gas Res, 2015. 5: p. 12.

Chen, Y., et al., Hydrogen-rich saline may be an effective and specific novel treatment for osteoradionecrosis of the jaw. Ther Clin Risk Manag, 2015. 11: p. 1581-5.

Chen, X., X. Sun, and S. Ohta, Future Directions in Hydrogen Studies. Hydrogen Molecular Biology and Medicine. 2015: Springer Netherlands.

Zhai, X., et al., Review and prospect of the biomedical effects of hydrogen. Med Gas Res, 2014. 4(1): p. 19.

Yang, F., et al., Simulation study on the outlet flow dynamics of a hydride-based hydrogen storage canister for medical use. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2014. 39(12): p. 6548-6557.

Xie, F. and X. Ma, Molecular Hydrogen and its Potential Application in Therapy of Brain Disorders. Brain Disord Ther, 2014: p. 2.

Wang, R., Gasotransmitters: growing pains and joys. Trends Biochem Sci, 2014. 39(5): p. 227-32.

Shen, M., et al., A review of experimental studies of hydrogen as a new therapeutic agent in emergency and critical care medicine. Med Gas Res, 2014. 4: p. 17.

Ohta, S., Molecular hydrogen as a preventive and therapeutic medical gas: initiation, development and potential of hydrogen medicine. Pharmacol Ther, 2014.

Gopinath, D., et al., MOLECULAR HYDROGEN THERAPY: A MAJOR MILESTONE IN MEDICINE. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014. 3(8): p. 1201-1205.

Deng, J., et al., Neuroprotective gases–fantasy or reality for clinical use? Prog Neurobiol, 2014. 115: p. 210-45.

Brenner, S., Parkinson’s disease may be due to failure of melanin in the Substantia Nigra to produce molecular hydrogen from dissociation of water, to protect the brain from oxidative stress. Med Hypotheses, 2014. 82(4): p. 503.

Qu, J. and X. Lu, Hydrogen: A promising novel treatment for hepatic encephalopathy? Free Radic Biol Med, 2013.

Qian, L., et al., Hydrogen as a New Class of Radioprotective Agent. International journal of biological sciences, 2013. 9(9): p. 887-894.

Lucas, K. and M. Maes, Molecular mechanisms underpinning laser printer and photocopier induced symptoms, including chronic fatigue syndrome and respiratory tract hyperresponsiveness: pharmacological treatment with cinnamon and hydrogen. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2013. 34(8): p. 723-37.

Henry, M. and J. Chambron, Physico-Chemical, Biological and Therapeutic Characteristics of Electrolyzed Reduced Alkaline Water (ERAW). Water 5(4): p. 2094-2115.

Ghanizadeh, A. and M. Berk, Molecular hydrogen: an overview of its neurobiological effects and therapeutic potential for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Med Gas Res, 2013. 3(1): p. 11.

Dixon, B.J., J. Tang, and J.H. Zhang, The evolution of molecular hydrogen: a noteworthy potential therapy with clinical significance. Med Gas Res, 2013. 3(1): p. 10.

Chang, W.J. and L.H. Toledo-Pereyra, The potential benefits of hydrogen-rich saline in ischemia and reperfusion injury. Journal of Surgical Research, 2013. 180(2): p. 248-9.

Zhou, J., et al., Targeting gaseous molecules to protect against cerebral ischaemic injury: mechanisms and prospects. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2012. 39(6): p. 566-76.

Zhang, J.Y., et al., A Review of Hydrogen as a New Medical Therapy. Hepato-Gastroenterology, 2012. 59(116): p. 1026-1032.

Zhang, D.Q., J.H. Zhu, and W.C. Chen, Acarbose: a new option in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by increasing hydrogen production. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2012. 10(1): p. 166-9.

Simon, A.R., Hydrogen-supplemented drinking water, just soda or an elixir of life? Transplant International, 2012. 25(12): p. 1211-1212.

Shirahata, S., T. Hamasaki, and K. Teruya, Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2012. 23(2): p. 124-131.

Shi, P. and W. Sun, A hypothesis on chemical mechanism of the effect of hydrogen. Med Gas Res, 2012. 2(1): p. 17.

Seo, T., R. Kurokawa, and B. Sato, A convenient method for determining the concentration of hydrogen in water: use of methylene blue with colloidal platinum. Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2: p. 1.

Schoenfeld, M.P., et al., A hypothesis on biological protection from space radiation through the use of new therapeutic gases as medical counter measures. Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2: p. 8.

Rheem, K.E., et al., Does alkaline-reduced hexagonal water delay the aging process in Drosophila? Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2012. 12(1): p. 151-4.

Ostojic, S.M., Serum alkalinization and hydrogen-rich water in healthy men. Mayo Clin Proc, 2012. 87(5): p. 501-2.

Ohta, S., Molecular hydrogen is a novel antioxidant to efficiently reduce oxidative stress with potential for the improvement of mitochondrial diseases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2012. 1820(5): p. 586-94.

Ohno, K., M. Ito, and M. Ichihara, Molecular hydrogen as an emerging therapeutic medical gas for neurodegenerative and other diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012. 2012: p. 353152.

Liu, S., X. Sun, and H. Tao, Hydrogen from a biologically inert gas to a unique antioxidant. Second Military Medical University, www.intechopen., 2012.

Li, D. and W.C. Wang, Can hydrogen retard the progression of osteoarthritis? African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012. 6(5): p. 352-354.

Hardeland, R., Hydrogen therapy: a future option in critical care? Crit Care Med, 2012. 40(4): p. 1382-3.

Ghanizadeh, A., Physical exercise and intermittent administration of lactulose may improve autism symptoms through hydrogen production. Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 19.

Ghanizadeh, A., Hydrogen as a novel hypothesized emerging treatment for oxidative stress in autism. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2012. 16(9): p. 1313-4.

Chuai, Y., et al., Molecular hydrogen and radiation protection. Free Radical Research, 2012. 46(9): p. 1061-7.

Shen, Y., et al., Hydrogen gas: a novel antioxidant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA, 2011. 26(2): p. 94-97.

Schoenfeld, M.P., et al., Hydrogen therapy may reduce the risks related to radiation-induced oxidative stress in space flight. Medical Hypotheses, 2011. 76(1): p. 117-8.

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